Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Patients
| Luseogliflozin (n=83) | Voglibose (n=82) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 71.7±7.7 | 74.6±7.7 | 0.017 |
| Median (interquartile range) | 72 (67–78) | 75 (70–79) | 0.027 |
| >60 y, n (%) | 77 (93) | 80 (98) | 0.152 |
| Male, n (%) | 55 (66) | 48 (59) | 0.31 |
| Body weight, kg | 64.6±12.7 | 63.5±13.1 | 0.57 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.4±4.3 | 25.3±4.4 | 0.85 |
| Waist circumflex, cm | 92.6±11.4 | 91.1±12.1 | 0.45 |
| NYHA class, n (%) | 0.44 | ||
| I | 0 | 0 | |
| II | 79 (96) | 81 (99) | |
| III | 3 (4) | 1 (1) | |
| IV | 0 | 0 | |
| Duration of diabetes mellitus, mo | 72 (22–130) | 72 (36–138) | 0.90 |
| Prior diagnoses, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 72 (89) | 64 (79) | 0.087 |
| Hyperuricemia | 20 (25) | 24 (30) | 0.48 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 48 (59) | 50 (62) | 0.75 |
| Dyslipidemia | 65 (80) | 61 (75) | 0.45 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 29 (36) | 27 (33) | 0.74 |
| Hepatic disorder | 9 (11) | 3 (3.7) | 0.072 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 18 (22) | 15 (18) | 0.59 |
| Medications, n (%) | |||
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 51 (61) | 47 (57) | 0.59 |
| Beta‐blocker | 53 (64) | 47 (57) | 0.39 |
| MRA | 19 (23) | 20 (24) | 0.82 |
| Loop diuretic | 19 (23) | 19 (23) | 0.97 |
| Hydralazine | 5 (6.0) | 5 (6.1) | 0.98 |
| Antidiabetic medication | 53 (65) | 50 (61) | 0.74 |
| Hemodynamic parameters | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 131±17 | 128±14 | 0.168 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 71±11 | 71±10 | 0.52 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 69±13 | 70±12 | 0.53 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 7.0±0.7 | 6.9±0.8 | 0.52 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.5±1.6 | 13.1±1.6 | 0.114 |
| Hematocrit, % | 41.4±4.8 | 40.4±4.2 | 0.159 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 17.7±5.5 | 19.1±6.0 | 0.119 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.94±0.30 | 0.96±0.29 | 0.70 |
| Estimated GFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 60.6±19.4 | 56.8±16.5 | 0.185 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 63.7 (46.8–115.8) | 75.1 (42.4–120) | 0.87 |
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 203 (123–389) | 200 (121–502) | 0.70 |
| High‐sensitivity CRP, mg/L | 0.91 (0.41–1.79) | 0.73 (0.25–1.66) | 0.48 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 57±9.4 | 58±9.4 | 0.41 |
| ≥50% | 53/73 (73) | 52/65 (80) | 0.31 |
| E/A | 0.77±0.21 | 0.85±0.29 | 0.094 |
| e′, cm/s | 5.4±1.5 | 5.6±1.8 | 0.66 |
| <8 cm/s | 68/71 (96) | 61/66 (92) | 0.40 |
| E/e′ | 13.0±4.5 | 13.3±5.6 | 0.67 |
| ≥13 | 24/71 (34) | 30/66 (46) | 0.163 |
| Left atrial diameter, mm | 42.0±7.4 | 42.5±7.9 | 0.69 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m2 | 37.9±16.3 | 38.4±13.5 | 0.84 |
| >34 mL/m2 | 35/68 (52) | 32/59 (54) | 0.76 |
| Left ventricular mass index, mL/m2 | 93.0±23.2 | 91.3±27.5 | 0.71 |
| ≥115 g/m2 for men or ≥95 g/m2 for women | 15/70 (21) | 13/63 (21) | 0.91 |
Data are presented as mean±standard deviation, n (%), or median (interquartile range). ACE indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin‐receptor blocker; BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; CRP, C‐reactive protein; E/A, ratio of early to atrial mitral inflow velocity; E/e′, ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to mitral annular early diastolic velocity; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; and NYHA, New York Heart Association.