Table 3.
Univariable Predictors of Cardiac Death
| No Event | Cardiac Death | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n=111) | (n=50) | ||
| Age, y | 49 (38–59) | 62 (47–69) | 0.001* |
| Sex (female) | 35 (31.5) | 10 (20) | 0.13 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.6 (24.4–29.7) | 26.0 (23.7–28.7) | 0.49 |
| BSA, m2 | 2.0 (1.8–2.1) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) | 0.60 |
| Primary clinical presentation | |||
| Symptoms of ACS | 42 (37.8) | 18 (36) | 0.82 |
| Subacute new‐onset HF | 37 (33.3) | 11 (22) | 0.15 |
| Recurring episodes of overt HF | 5 (4.5) | 5 (10) | 0.13 |
| Combination of palpitations, fatigue, dyspnea on exertion | 27 (24.3) | 16 (32) | 0.27 |
| Presence of cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Arterial hypertension | 29 (26.1) | 10 (20.0) | 0.15 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (7.2) | 5 (10.0) | 0.06 |
| Hypercholesterinemia | 19 (17.1) | 3 (6.0) | 0.52 |
| Smoking | 13 (11.7) | 1 (2.0) | 0.22 |
| Family history | 24 (21.6) | 2 (4.0) | 0.08 |
| Medical treatment | |||
| β blockers | 49 (44.1) | 36 (72.0) | <0.001* |
| ACE‐I/Sartans | 47 (42.3) | 35 (70.0) | <0.001* |
| Initial NYHA functional class | |||
| NYHA I | 36 (32.4) | 6 (12) |
0.11 |
| NYHA II | 33 (29.7) | 15 (30) | |
| NYHA III | 33 (29.7) | 23 (46) | |
| NYHA IV | 9 (8.1) | 6 (12) | |
| Virus type by EMB | |||
| PVB19 | 67 (60.4) | 26 (52) |
0.16 |
| HHV6 | 24 (21.6) | 12 (24) | |
| PVB19/HHV6 | 18 (16.2) | 8 (13) | |
| EBV | 1 (0.9) | 1 (2) | |
| PVB19/HHV6/EBV | … | 1 (2) | |
| PVB19/EBV | … | 2 (4) | |
| HHV6/EBV | 1 (0.9) | … | |
| Blood testing | |||
| Troponin positive | 26 (23.4) | 13 (26.0) | 0.72 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 111 (30–457) | 448 (105–970) | 0.001* |
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 135 (37–1535) | 2990 (1295–12 770) | 0.009* |
| CMR LV function | |||
| LVEF, % | 55 (37–65) | 36 (24–46) | <0.001* |
| LVEDV, mL | 155 (125–194) | 199 (163–261) | <0.001* |
| LVEDV indexed, mL/m2 | 77 (64–95) | 100 (85–122) | <0.001* |
| LVESV, mL | 65 (44–121) | 137 (95–169) | <0.001* |
| LVESV indexed, mL/m2 | 33 (22–62) | 69 (51–87) | <0.001* |
| LVEF >40% | 74 (66.7) | 19 (38%) | 0.003* |
| LGE present | 46 (41.4) | 40 (80.0) | <0.001* |
Values are n (%) or median (interquartile range). ACS indicates acute coronary syndrome; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BSA, body surface area; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; EBV, Epstein‐Barr virus; EMB, endomyocardial biopsy; HF, heart failure; HHV6, human herpes virus type 6; ICD, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LVEDV, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end‐systolic volume; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PVB19, parvovirus B19; and SCD, sudden cardiac death.
*
P<0.05.