Table 1.
Details of Identified e-cigarette prevention programs for adolescents, organized by most recently created
| Program | Affiliation | Type of program | Duration of education exposure | Component of program dedicated to e-cigarettes | Original date created (not when e-cigarette component added) | Intended audience | Fully accessible online | Price | Date of last update of program | Theories explicitly stated | Who delivers program | Address flavors | Address marketing | Includes refusal skills activities | Includes content on disposables | Empirically evaluated for e-cigarette component |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Rise of Vaping Video | Campaign for Tobacco-free Kids | Educational video | 20 min | Entire program/video | 2019 | Middle and high School | Yes | Free | 2020 | No | Video | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| smokeSCREEN | Yale Center for Health and Learning Games | Online game | 2–3 h | Incorporates e-cigarette use along with tobacco use in general | 2018 | Age 10–16 | Yes | Free | 2020 | Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior | Online game | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes1 |
| The Real Cost of Vaping | Collaboration between FDA and Scholastic | Resources for educators (infographics) | N/A | Entire program | 2018 | Grades 6–12 | Yes | Free | 2020 | No | Educator/infographics | Yes | Yes | N/A | No | No |
| Stanford Tobacco Prevention Toolkit | Stanford School of Medicine/Department of Pediatrics | School-based education | 1, 5, 8, 10 sessions where the minimum exposure is 45 min | Part of a tobacco prevention program with a dedicated module for e-cigarettes | 2016 | Middle and High School (program specific for each school level) | Yes | Free | 2020 | Positive Youth Development; Theory of Planned Behavior | Educator | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes*2 |
| MSPP (Model Smoking Prevention Program) | Formerly the Minnesota Smoking PreventionProgram | School-based education | 6 sessions, 45–50 min each | Incorporates e-cigarette use along with tobaccouse in general; supplemental section | 2016 | Grades 5–8 | No | Cost | 2016 | Social Influences Theory | Educator and peer | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| CATCH My Breath (Coordinated Approach to Child Health) E-cigarette and Juul Prevention Program | University of Texas, Health School of Public Health | School-based education | 4 sessions, 30–40 min each | Entire program | 2014 | Middle and High School (program specific for each school level) | Need to enroll | Free | 2016 | Social Cognitive Theory | Peer | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes^3 |
| “The Real Cost” Youth E-cigarette Prevention Campaign | Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | Counter-marketing campaign | N/A | Entire campaign | 2014 | Youth age 12–17 | Yes | Free | 2018 | Behavior Change Theory | Television and online advertisements | Yes | Yes | N/A | No | Yesγ4 |
| truth Campaign | Truth Initiative | Counter-marketing campaign | N/A | Entire campaign | 2000 | Youth and young adults | Yes | Free | 2020 | Behavior Change Theory | Mass media | Yes | Yes | N/A | No | Yesα5 |
| Project Alert (Adolescent Learning Experiences Resistance Training) | RAND Corporation | School-based education | 11 sessions, 45 min each, with 3 booster sessions | Incorporates e-cigarette use along with tobacco use in general; supplemental section | 1995 | Grades 7 and 8 | Yes | Free | 2018 | Theory-informed, but exact theories used not stated | Educator and peer | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
*Single-group pre-post study (on adolescent intent/use of e-cigarettes); ^controlled repeat cross-sectional; γrandomized copy testing and focus group discussions for program development; αnational cohort study
1Hieftje KD, Fernandes CSF, Lin IH, Fiellin LE. Effectiveness of a web-based tobacco product use prevention videogame intervention on young adolescents’ beliefs and knowledge. Subst Abus. 2019. doi:10.1080/08897077.2019.1691128
2Gaiha S.M., Duemler A, Silverwood L, Razo A, Halpern-Felsher B, Walley SC. School-based e-cigarette education in Alabama: Impact on knowledge of e-cigarettes, perceptions and intent to try. Addict Behav. June 2020:106519. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106519
3Kelder SH, Mantey DS, Van Dusen D, Case K, Haas A, Springer AE. A Middle School Program to Prevent E-Cigarette Use: A Pilot Study of “CATCH My Breath.” Public Health Rep. 2020;135 [2]:220–229. doi:10.1177/0033354919900887
4Huang LL, Lazard AJ, Pepper JK, Noar SM, Ranney LM, Goldstein AO. Impact of The real cost campaign on adolescents’ recall, attitudes, and risk perceptions about tobacco use: A national study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14 [1]. doi:10.3390/ijerph14010042
5Vallone D, Greenberg M, Xiao H, et al. The effect of branding to promote healthy behavior: Reducing tobacco use among youth and young adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14 [12]. doi:10.3390/ijerph14121517