Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for Study Variables
| Variable | Wave | N | Min | Max | M | SD | α |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male) | 784 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.53 | 0.50 | - | |
| African American | 784 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.23 | 0.42 | - | |
| Hispanic | 784 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.37 | 0.48 | - | |
| Academic performance | 757 | −2.89 | 3.12 | 0.00 | 1.00 | - | |
| Socioeconomic adversity | 776 | −1.27 | 1.66 | 0.04 | 0.74 | - | |
| Grade retention | 784 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 0.47 | - | |
| Teacher-child warmth | G1 | 699 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 4.01 | 0.81 | 0.95 |
| G2 | 623 | 1.08 | 5.00 | 3.93 | 0.85 | 0.95 | |
| G3 | 547 | 1.15 | 5.00 | 3.94 | 0.85 | 0.96 | |
| G4 | 528 | 1.15 | 5.00 | 3.90 | 0.88 | 0.95 | |
| G5 | 541 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 3.85 | 0.86 | 0.94 | |
| G6 | 439 | 1.31 | 5.00 | 3.74 | 0.95 | 0.96 | |
| G7 | 430 | 1.08 | 5.00 | 3.59 | 0.96 | 0.96 | |
| G8 | 438 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 3.44 | 1.01 | 0.96 | |
| G9 | 406 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 3.53 | 0.92 | 0.95 | |
| G10 | 436 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 3.52 | 0.91 | 0.95 | |
| G12 | 390 | 1.08 | 5.00 | 3.49 | 0.93 | 0.95 | |
| Teacher-child conflict | G1 | 702 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1.88 | 1.02 | 0.92 |
| G2 | 623 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1.84 | 1.00 | 0.92 | |
| G3 | 547 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1.79 | 0.95 | 0.92 | |
| G4 | 528 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1.74 | 0.91 | 0.91 | |
| G5 | 541 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1.73 | 0.92 | 0.93 | |
| G6 | 439 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1.67 | 0.93 | 0.94 | |
| G7 | 430 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1.66 | 0.96 | 0.94 | |
| G8 | 438 | 1.00 | 4.67 | 1.61 | 0.87 | 0.92 | |
| G9 | 406 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1.55 | 0.79 | 0.92 | |
| G10 | 436 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 1.56 | 0.82 | 0.93 | |
| G12 | 391 | 1.00 | 4.75 | 1.47 | 0.79 | 0.92 | |
| Conduct problems (PR) | G1 | 495 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 2.03 | 1.96 | 0.69 |
| G2 | 480 | 0.00 | 9.00 | 1.97 | 1.97 | 0.72 | |
| G3 | 477 | 0.00 | 8.00 | 1.82 | 1.97 | 0.72 | |
| G4 | 446 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.74 | 1.97 | 0.73 | |
| G5 | 432 | 0.00 | 9.00 | 1.71 | 1.84 | 0.69 | |
| G6 | 363 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.63 | 1.77 | 0.65 | |
| G7 | 335 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.61 | 1.84 | 0.71 | |
| G8 | 352 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.68 | 1.92 | 0.73 | |
| G9 | 352 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.57 | 1.92 | 0.73 | |
| G10 | 345 | 0.00 | 9.00 | 1.59 | 1.81 | 0.67 | |
| G12 | 281 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.20 | 1.61 | 0.67 | |
| Conduct problems (TR) | G1 | 675 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.83 | 2.42 | 0.84 |
| G2 | 619 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.81 | 2.47 | 0.83 | |
| G3 | 547 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.73 | 2.33 | 0.82 | |
| G4 | 528 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.71 | 2.35 | 0.82 | |
| G5 | 541 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.65 | 2.35 | 0.84 | |
| G6 | 439 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.59 | 2.31 | 0.84 | |
| G7 | 430 | 0.00 | 9.00 | 1.47 | 2.05 | 0.79 | |
| G8 | 437 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.39 | 2.07 | 0.80 | |
| G9 | 406 | 0.00 | 8.00 | 1.15 | 1.73 | 0.77 | |
| G10 | 435 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 1.24 | 1.91 | 0.77 | |
| G12 | 390 | 0.00 | 8.00 | 1.01 | 1.76 | 0.80 |
Note: Gender, African American, Hispanic, and grade retention variables were dichotomized scores. Socioeconomic adversity and academic performance were standardized scores. G = Grade; PR = parent report; TR = teacher report