Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics | NMIBC group | MIBC group | Controls |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 170 | 151 | 437 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 131 (77.1%) | 122 (80.8%) | 336 (76.9%) |
| Female | 39 (22.9%) | 29 (19.2%) | 101 (23.1%) |
| Age at first diagnosis (mean ± SD) | 62.14 ± 12.87 | 65.70 ± 11.06 | 63.86 ± 6.94 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Smokers | 85 (50.0%) | 82 (54.3%) | 199 (45.5%) |
| Nonsmokers | 85 (50.0%) | 69 (45.7%) | 238 (54.5%) |
| Clinical stage | |||
| Ta | 10 (5.9%) | — | — |
| T1 | 160 (94.1%) | — | — |
| T2 | — | 89 (58.9%) | — |
| T3a | — | 34 (22.5%) | — |
| T3b | — | 17 (11.3%) | — |
| T4 | — | 11 (7.3%) | — |
| Tumor grade | |||
| Low grade | 114 (67.1%) | 23 (15.2%) | — |
| High grade | 56 (32.9%) | 128 (84.8%) | — |