Table 2.
Programmes of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination in European countries.
| Countries | Cervical screening program (starting year) | Screening age | Screening interval | Primary test used | HPV vaccine (national vaccination program) (year of initiation) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | Opportunistic | 18+ or 2 years after sexual onset | 1 | CC | 2014 |
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| Belgium | Organized population-based, in some regions, rollout ongoing, 2013 | 25–64 | 3 | CC & LBC | 2010 |
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| Bulgaria | Opportunistic | NA | NA | NA | - |
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| Croatia | Organized population-based, rollout ongoing, 2012 | 25–64 | 3 | CC | 2016 |
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| Cyprus | Opportunistic | NA | NA | N/A | 2016 |
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| Czech republic | Organized population-based, rollout ongoing, 2008 | 15+ | 1 | CC | 2012 |
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| Denmark | Organized population-based, 2006 | 23–64 | 3 (ages: 23–59); 5 (ages: 60–64) | LBC (ages: 23–59); HPV primary test (ages:60–64) | 2009 |
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| Estonia | Organized population-based, 2006 | 30–59 | 5 | CC | 2018 |
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| Finland | Organized population-based (depending on the region), 1963 | 25–65 | 5 | CC, HPV primary testing in some regions | 2013 |
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| France | Transitioning to organized population-based planned, 1991 | 25–64 | 3 (CC), 5 (HPV test) | CC & LBC (ages: 25–64); HPV primary testing in regional pilot projects (ages: 30–64) | 2007 |
|
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| Germany | Transitioning to organized population-based planned, 1971 | 20+ | 1 | CC, HPV primary testing in implementation | 2007 |
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| Greece | Opportunistic | Sexual onset | 1 | CC | 2008 |
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| Hungary | Organized population-based, rollout ongoing, 2003 | 25–65 | 3 | CC | 2014 |
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| Ireland | Organized population-based, rollout ongoing, 2008 | 25–60 | 3 (ages: 25–44); 5 (ages: 45–60) | LBC | 2010 |
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| Italy | Organized population-based, rollout ongoing, depending on the region, 1989 | 25–64 | 3 (ages: 25–30/35); 5 (ages: 30/35–64) | CC & LBC (ages: 25–30/35); HPV primary testing in some regions (ages: 30/34–64) | 2008 |
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| Latvia | Organized population-based, 2009 | 25–69 | 3 | CC | 2010 |
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| Lithuania | Organized population-based, rollout ongoing, 2004 | 25–59 | 3 | CC | 2016 |
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| Luxembourg | Opportunistic | 15+ | 1 | LBC | 2008 |
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| Malta | Organized population-based, piloting, 2015 | 25–35 | 3 | CC | 2012 |
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| Netherlands | Organized population-based, 1970 | 30–64 | 5 | HPV primary testing | 2010 |
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| Norway | Organized population-based, 2006 | 25–69 | 3 | CC & LBC, regional pilot for HPV primary testing, | 2009 |
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| Poland | Organized population-based, 2006 | 25–59 | 3 | CC (ages: 25–59); regional pilot for cotesting (ages: 30–59) | — |
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| Portugal | Organized population-based, in some regions, rollout ongoing, depending on the region, 1990 | 25–59 | 3 | Cotesting in some regions | 2008 |
| Romania | Organized population-based, in some regions, rollout ongoing, 2012 | 25–64 | 5 | Cotesting in some regions | — |
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| Slovakia | Transitioning to organized population-based, 2008 | 23–64 | Yearly x 2; then 3 yearly | CC | — |
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| Slovenia | Organized population-based, (2003) | 20–64 | Yearly x 2; then 3 yearly | CC | 2009 |
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| Spain | Opportunistic (depending on the region) | 25–65 | 3 | CC | 2007 |
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| Sweden | Organized population-based, 1967 | 23–60 | 3 (ages: 23–50); 5 (ages: 51–60) | HPV test replacing CC & LBC | 2012 |
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| Switzerland | Opportunistic | 21/70 | 2 (ages: sexual onset/21–29); 3 (ages: 30–70) | CC & LBC | 2008 |
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| The United Kingdom | Organized population-based, 1988 | 25–64 | 3 (ages: 25–49); 5 (ages: 50–64) | HPV primary testing in implementation | 2008 |
CC = conventional cytology; LBC = liquid-based cytology; N/A: not available.