Table 4.

Synthesis of findings.

Finding		Cardiovascular disease		Type 2 diabetes		Total (n)
		No. of studies	Reference	No. of studies	Reference
Target population
	General population	1	[24]	—a	—	1
	At risk of the disease	2	[23,25]	6	[26-31]	8
Location
	Spain	1	[24]	—	—	1
	United States	1	[23]	4	[27-30]	5
	Germany	—	—	1	[26]	1
	Latin America	1	[25]	—	—	1
	India	—	—	1	[31]	1
Intervention delivery
	SMS text messaging	2	[23,25]	2	[29,31]	4
	WhatsApp	1	[24]	—	—	1
	Mobile app	—	—	4	[26-28,30]	4
Comparator
	Usual care	3	[23-25]	3	[26,29,31]	6
	Waitlist	—	—	2	[27,28]	2
	Pedometer only	—	—	1	[30]	1
	Face-to-face training	1	[24]	—	—	1
Outcomesb
	Weight loss	1	[25]	3	[27,28,30]	4
	Reduced BMI	1	[25]	3	[27,28,30]	4
	Reduced waist circumference	—	—	2	[27,28]	2
	Lower fasting blood glucose/glycated hemoglobin	N/Ac	—	1	[28]	1
	Improved diet	2	[23,25]	1	[31]	3
	Improved physical activity	—	—	2	[30,31]	2
	Improved blood pressure	—	—	1	[30]	1
Study design
	Randomized controlled trial	1	[25]	5	[27-31]	6
	Nonrandomized controlled trial	2	[23,24]	1	[26]	3

^a—: data not available.

^bStatistically significant compared with control group.

^cN/A: not applicable.