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. 2020 Nov 11;10(11):e041520. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041520

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Efficacy and futility stopping boundaries: analyses are planned every 200 patients randomised in the various trials. The interim analyses define rules for stopping the trials early for the statistical reasons of established efficacy or futility on the primary outcome. Bounds were determined using a Kim-DeMets spending function with an aggressive Pocock superiority and a conservative O’Brien Fleming bound for futility.