Table 2.
Mean and standard deviation (SD) gain scores for the main domains, subdomains, and individual subscales for four groups at all time points.
| Measure | Time point | Intervention-1 | Control-1 | Intervention-2 | Control-2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Main domains | |||||||||
| Overall breast knowledge | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 0.71* | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.81* | 0.37 | 0.00 | 0.36 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 0.60* | 0.28 | 0.00 | 0.22 | 0.72* | 0.38 | −0.02 | 0.32 | |
| Pre to 6 months post-intervention | 0.54* | 0.30 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.58* | 0.39 | −0.03 | 0.34 | |
| Overall attitudes to breasts | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 0.44* | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.36* | 0.39 | −0.02 | 0.47 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 0.59* | 0.50 | 0.06 | 0.43 | 0.54* | 0.50 | −0.03 | 0.55 | |
| Pre to 6-months post-intervention | 0.47* | 0.56 | 0.03 | 0.37 | 0.45* | 0.60 | −0.01 | 0.56 | |
| Sub domains | |||||||||
| Overall bra fit | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 0.76* | 0.36 | 0.00 | 0.28 | 0.74* | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.41 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 0.64* | 0.36 | 0.00 | 0.31 | 0.67* | 0.45 | −0.03 | 0.39 | |
| Pre to 6-months post-intervention | 0.57* | 0.36 | 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.47* | 0.46 | −0.02 | 0.42 | |
| Overall breast awareness | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 0.72* | 0.41 | 0.00 | 0.29 | 0.74* | 0.52 | −0.01 | 0.51 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 0.59* | 0.39 | −0.01 | 0.37 | 0.69* | 0.51 | 0.02 | 0.49 | |
| Pre to 6-months post-intervention | 0.50* | 0.45 | −0.03 | 0.41 | 0.51* | 0.54 | 0.00 | 0.53 | |
| Subscales | |||||||||
| S1-Breast variation and correct bra fit | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 0.79* | 0.51 | 0.03 | 0.39 | 0.76* | 0.50 | 0.01 | 0.54 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 0.71* | 0.50 | 0.03 | 0.43 | 0.69* | 0.52 | −0.03 | 0.49 | |
| Pre to 6-months post-intervention | 0.70* | 0.49 | 0.07 | 0.47 | 0.57* | 0.57 | −0.03 | 0.52 | |
| S2-Bra purchasing | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 0.46* | 0.54 | −0.06 | 0.36 | 0.44* | 0.65 | −0.08 | 0.67 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 0.29* | 0.59 | −0.06 | 0.41 | 0.44* | 0.65 | −0.08 | 0.67 | |
| Pre to 6-months post-intervention | 0.23* | 0.62 | −0.05 | 0.51 | 0.41* | 0.67 | 0.00 | 0.67 | |
| S3-Incorrect bra fit | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 1.05* | 0.70 | 0.02 | 0.77 | 1.05* | 0.80 | −0.03 | 0.78 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 0.96* | 0.72 | −0.04 | 0.78 | 0.99* | 0.80 | −0.02 | 0.87 | |
| Pre to 6-months post-intervention | 0.80*† | 0.76 | −0.04 | 0.85 | 0.39* | 0.93 | −0.04 | 0.81 | |
| S4-Breast anatomy and breast pain | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 0.70* | 0.46 | −0.02 | 0.38 | 0.91* | 0.52 | 0.00 | 0.53 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 0.58* | 0.47 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.76* | 0.53 | −0.02 | 0.51 | |
| Pre to 6-months post-intervention | 0.57* | 0.46 | 0.04 | 0.48 | 0.69* | 0.51 | −0.07 | 0.52 | |
| S5-Breast bounce and breast sag | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 0.82* | 0.59 | 0.03 | 0.59 | 1.09* | 0.59 | −0.05 | 0.59 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 0.70* | 0.60 | 0.08 | 0.61 | 1.00*† | 0.61 | 0.01 | 0.70 | |
| Pre to 6-months post-intervention | 0.67* | 0.62 | 0.09 | 0.69 | 0.94* | 0.70 | 0.02 | 0.75 | |
| S6-Sports bras | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 0.50* | 0.55 | 0.05 | 0.42 | 0.74* | 0.55 | −0.07 | 0.63 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 0.44* | 0.53 | −0.03 | 0.53 | 0.68* | 0.57 | −0.05 | 0.57 | |
| Pre to 6-months post-intervention | 0.33* | 0.57 | 0.04 | 0.58 | 0.54* | 0.65 | −0.05 | 0.61 | |
| S7-Breast awareness | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 0.60* | 0.45 | 0.00 | 0.32 | 0.65* | 0.56 | −0.02 | 0.53 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 0.46* | 0.44 | 0.03 | 0.42 | 0.59* | 0.56 | 0.03 | 0.54 | |
| Pre to 6-months post-intervention | 0.40* | 0.48 | −0.04 | 0.47 | 0.48* | 0.59 | −0.02 | 0.60 | |
| S8-Breast cancer symptoms | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 1.25* | 0.70 | 0.04 | 0.54 | 1.09* | 0.75 | −0.02 | 0.83 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 1.07* | 0.69 | −0.02 | 0.74 | 1.03* | 0.74 | −0.03 | 0.90 | |
| Pre to 6-months post-intervention | 0.91* | 0.74 | 0.00 | 0.73 | 0.59* | 0.85 | 0.00 | 0.86 | |
| S9-Attitudes to breasts | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 0.23* | 0.59 | −0.03 | 0.33 | 0.31* | 0.52 | −0.06 | 0.63 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 0.45* | 0.53 | −0.10 | 0.57 | 0.37* | 0.62 | −0.07 | 0.68 | |
| Pre to 6-months post-intervention | 0.28* | 0.63 | −0.01 | 0.48 | 0.33* | 0.73 | −0.04 | 0.69 | |
| S10-Positive breast habits | Pre to immediately post-intervention | 0.69* | 0.72 | 0.05 | 0.38 | 0.44* | 0.51 | −0.01 | 0.63 |
| Pre to 3-months post-intervention | 0.79* | 0.72 | 0.04 | 0.61 | 0.80* | 0.69 | 0.00 | 0.74 | |
| Pre to 6-months post-intervention | 0.74* | 0.71 | 0.10 | 0.61 | 0.57* | 0.80 | 0.01 | 0.73 | |
S, subscale.
*
significant difference compared to control group, p < 0.01.
†
significant difference compared to intervention group, p < 0.01.