FIGURE 3.

The acquisition of ciprofloxacin resistance delays the formation of biofilm and alters matrix composition. (A) Biofilm formation of the F. novicida CipR and StrepR surrogate strains as assessed by crystal violet staining after static growth for 3 days at 37°C. (B) Time course of biofilm formation for Fn WT compared to representative antibiotic resistant strains Cip80-10 and Strep512-10 as assessed by crystal violet staining after growth for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. (C) Biofilm matrix composition analysis. Biofilms for Fn WT and representative CipR and StrepR strains were grown for 3 days and treated with proteinase K, DNase, sodium metaperiodate, or PBS as a control, then stained with crystal violet to assess biomass. Results are plotted as percent biofilm relative to PBS control. Significance was assessed using a one-way (A,B) or two-way ANOVA (C). ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.