Table 2.
Nutrition, physical activity, and quality of life according to spirometric patterns.
| Total (N = 23,615) | Normal spirometry (n = 20,742) | Mild-to-moderate RSP (n = 2758) | Severe RSP (n = 115) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total calories, kcal | 1993.0 (8.2) | 2001.4 (8.7) | 1935.9 (22.6) | 1661.1 (76.4) | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate, g | 317.0 (1.2) | 317.4 (1.3) | 315.4 (3.2) | 283.6 (11.8) | 0.016 |
| Protein, g | 70.2 (0.4) | 70.6 (0.4) | 67.3 (0.9) | 59.8 (7.8) | 0.001 |
| Daily fat intake, g | 39.6 (0.3) | 40.1 (0.3) | 36.4 (0.8) | 26.8 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
| Fatty acid intake, g | |||||
| Saturated fat intake, g | 11.6 (0.1) | 11.7 (0.2) | 10.7 (0.4) | 8.4 (1.3) | 0.004 |
| Unsaturated fat intake, g | 23.5 (0.3) | 23.7 (0.3) | 21.8 (0.8) | 15.8 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
| Water, g | 1064.4 (6.7) | 1076.9 (7.1) | 971.3 (16.9) | 827.2 (51.3) | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity | |||||
| High-intensity physical activity | 16.5 (0.4) | 16.8 (0.4) | 14.5 (1.0) | 6.8 (3.1) | 0.018 |
| Days of high-intensity physical activity per week | 2.5 (0.1) | 2.5 (0.1) | 2.8 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
| Moderate-intensity physical activity | 11.1 (0.4) | 11.4 (0.4) | 9.0 (0.8) | 11.5 (4.4) | 0.036 |
| Days of moderate-intensity physical activity per week | 2.9 (0.1) | 2.8 (0.1) | 3.2 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.3) | 0.3421 |
| EQ-5D index values < 0.9 | 17.5 (0.3) | 16.6 (0.3) | 24.6 (1.0) | 40.5 (5.4) | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as % (standard deviation) for high-intensity physical activity, moderate-intensity physical activity and EQ-5D index values < 0.9, and mean (standard deviation) for other variables.
RSP restrictive spirometric pattern, EQ-5D EuroQoL five-dimensions questionnaire.