Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio for total calories, physical activity, and EQ-5D values according to spirometric patterns.
| Normal spirometry (n = 20,742) | Mild-to-moderate RSP (n = 2758) | Severe RSP (n = 115) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total calories, kcal | Overall | Univariable | Reference | − 65.6 (− 112.8 to − 18.3) | − 340.3 (− 491.3 to − 189.3) |
| Multivariable | Reference | − 56.6 (− 101.9 to − 11.4) | − 286.7 (− 431.7 to − 141.6) | ||
| Male | Univariable | Reference | − 163.1(− 240.6 to − 85.5) | − 568.2 (− 778.6 to − 357.9) | |
| Multivariable | Reference | − 103.4 (− 184.3 to − 22.5) | − 348.3 (− 554.6 to − 142.1) | ||
| Female | Univariable | Reference | − 53.1 (− 94.8 to − 11.4) | − 225.5 (− 397.7 to − 53.2) | |
| Multivariable | Reference | − 3.5 (− 45.6 to 38.6) | − 156.6 (− 349.6 to 36.4) | ||
| PInteraction | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| High-intensity physical activity | Overall | Univariable | Reference | 0.84 (0.71 to 0.99) | 0.36 (0.14 to 0.95) |
| Multivariable | Reference | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.08) | 0.45 (0.17 to 1.21) | ||
| Male | Univariable | Reference | 0.88 (0.69 to 1.12) | 0.09 (0.01 to 0.67) | |
| Multivariable | Reference | 0.92 (0.72 to 1.19) | 0.12 (0.02 to 0.88) | ||
| Female | Univariable | Reference | 0.74 (0.57 to 0.96) | 0.85 (0.27 to 2.71) | |
| Multivariable | Reference | 0.83 (0.64 to 1.08) | 1.07 (0.32 to 3.66) | ||
| PInteraction | 0.290 | 0.019 | |||
| EQ-5D values < 0.9 | Overall | Univariable | Reference | 1.64 (1.46 to 1.84) | 3.43 (2.20 to 5.33) |
| Multivariable | Reference | 1.26 (1.10 to 1.43) | 1.96 (1.22 to 3.17) | ||
| Male | Univariable | Reference | 2.27 (1.88 to 2.76) | 7.07 (3.93 to 12.72) | |
| Multivariable | Reference | 1.68 (1.36 to 2.07) | 3.49 (1.89 to 6.41) | ||
| Female | Univariable | Reference | 1.54 (1.34 to 1.76) | 2.27 (1.15 to 4.49) | |
| Multivariable | Reference | 1.07 (0.91 to 1.26) | 1.13 (0.60 to 2.12) | ||
| PInteraction | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
Values are presented as coefficient (95% confidence interval) in total calories and odds ratio (95% confidence interval) in high-intensity physical activity and EQ-5D values. Multivariable analysis was adjusted for age (≥ 65 years versus < 65 years), sex, smoking status (never smokers versus current- or ex-smokers), BMI (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 versus 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 versus BMI < 18 kg/m2), education level (high school or less versus college or above), family income (upper half versus lower half), and the number of comorbidities (one or less versus two or more). P for interaction (PInteraction) was obtained from likelihood ratio tests for interaction with normal spirometry/mild-to-moderate RSP/severe RSP and sex.
RSP restrictive spirometric pattern, EQ-5D EuroQoL five-dimensions questionnaire, BMI body mass index.