Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Placebo N = 44 |
Elderberry N = 43 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age of children, mean (SD), years (n) | 7.8 ± 1.7 (18) | 8.0 ± 1.5 (16) |
| Age of adults, mean (SD), years (n) | 37 ± 17 (26) | 35 ± 18 (27) |
| Males, n (%) | 22 (50.0) | 27 (62.8) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White, n (%) | 20 (45.5) | 19 (44.2) |
| Black, n (%) | 16 (36.4) | 15 (34.9) |
| Asian, n (%) | 0 | 1 (2.3) |
| Other, n (%) | 8 (18.2) | 8 (18.6) |
| Tobacco use | ||
| Current, n (%) | 5 (11.4) | 3 (7.0) |
| Past, n (%) | 7 (15.9) | 1 (2.3) |
| Never, n (%) | 32 (72.7) | 39 (90.7) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 31.0 ± 10.8 | 31.9 ± 7.5 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 123 ± 18.2 | 122 ± 17.8 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 73.5 ± 11.3 | 71.1 ± 9.9 |
| Pulse, mean (SD), beats per minute* | 115 ± 19.4 | 105 ± 19.6 |
| Allergies, n (%) | 19 (43.2) | 19 (44.2) |
| High-risk criteria | ||
| Asthma, n (%) | 15 (34.1) | 9 (20.9) |
| Neurological condition, n (%) | 2 (4.5) | 3 (7.0) |
| Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 3 (6.8) | 2 (4.7) |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 4 (9.1) | 3 (7.0) |
| Endocrine disorders, n (%) | 3 (6.8) | 4 (9.3) |
| Received flu shot for current season*n (%) | 9 (20.5) | 20 (46.5) |
| Taking oseltamivir*n (%) | 17 (38.6) | 26 (60.5) |
*p < 0.05. Continuous variables were tested with a Student’s t test and categorical variables were tested with the chi-square test