Fig. 4.

Physician work time, by practice ownership. This exhibit excludes the 10.0% (53/531) of time physicians spent on personal activity (e.g., meals). Patient Care includes interacting with a patient, reviewing and planning patient care, communicating about patients with family, staff at office, hospital, nursing home, or other healthcare provider, or any combination of the above. EHR Input includes time spent inputting data into the electronic health record (EHR); this does not include EHR input when combined with patient care-related activities, which are included in Patient Care. Administrative Work includes administrative tasks/meetings, communication with insurance companies, pharmacies, workers’ compensation, or obtaining prior authorization, or combinations of the above. Other includes any activity not covered by the categories we have provided. Teaching/Supervising includes teaching/supervising as a single activity or in combination with other activities. Appendix Table A1 shows how combinations of activities have been divided among these five categories (Patient Care is shown dived in with or without multitasking with the EHR input). Pairwise comparisons between groups per category of activity, using chi-squared tests, showed statistically significant differences between physician-owned and hospital-owned practices in physician time allocation: 78.2% vs. 61.6% (p < 0.001) on Patient Care, 14.8% vs. 23.2% (p < 0.001) on EHR Input, and 4.9% vs. 8.9% (p < 0.001) on Administrative Work