Table 3.
Tobacco Assessment and Assistance by Time Period and Test of Heterogeneity of Effect for Sex, Age, Race, Ethnicity, and Insurance Type
| Description | Category | Pre-AAC implementation, n = 36,676 | Post-AAC implementation, n = 139,384 | Pre-post-AAC difference | Significant interaction effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | ||||
| ASK∞, % yes | |||||
| Gender | Male | 24.1 | 52.6 | 28.5 | ** |
| Female | 27.6 | 49.9 | 22.3 | ||
| Age in years | 18–34 | 22.6 | 43.1 | 20.5 | |
| 35–64 | 27.8 | 53.1 | 26.0 | ||
| 65+ | 27.9 | 53.7 | 25.8 | ||
| Race | White | 33.4 | 56.5 | 23.1 | *** |
| Black | 21.6 | 48.7 | 27.1 | ||
| Other | 22.3 | 34.2 | 11.9 | ||
| Hispanic | Non-Hispanic | 27.7 | 52.7 | 25.0 | |
| Hispanic | 18.4 | 35.9 | 17.5 | ||
| Primary insurance class | Commercial | 29.8 | 52.2 | 22.4 | ** |
| Medicaid/self-pay | 23.5 | 47.6 | 24.1 | ||
| Medicare | 28.6 | 55.2 | 26.6 | ||
| ADVISE, % yes | |||||
| Gender | Male | 22.2 | 40.9 | 18.7 | |
| Female | 12.9 | 30.4 | 17.5 | ||
| Age in years | 18–34 | 15.3 | 30.3 | 15.0 | |
| 35–64 | 17.4 | 38.3 | 20.9 | ||
| 65+ | 9.4 | 23.1 | 13.7 | ||
| Race | White | 16.1 | 36.2 | 20.1 | |
| African American | 16.3 | 32.9 | 16.6 | ||
| Other | 5.7 | 21.4 | 15.7 | ||
| Hispanic | Non-Hispanic | 15.8 | 34.7 | 18.9 | |
| Hispanic | 11.8 | 22.7 | 10.9 | ||
| Primary insurance class | Commercial | 12.2 | 28.1 | 15.9 | |
| Medicaid/self-pay | 20.7 | 41.1 | 20.4 | ||
| Medicare | 12.5 | 29.8 | 17.3 | ||
| Assess readiness, % yes | |||||
| Gender | Male | 6.4 | 26.8 | 20.4 | |
| Female | 4.2 | 18.7 | 14.5 | ||
| Age in years | 18–34 | 4.8 | 17.5 | 12.7 | |
| 35–64 | 5.5 | 25.4 | 19.9 | ||
| 65+ | 2.4 | 12.5 | 10.1 | ||
| Race | White | 4.4 | 21.1 | 16.7 | |
| African American | 5.9 | 23.5 | 17.6 | ||
| Other | 1.2 | 7.7 | 6.5 | ||
| Hispanic | Non-Hispanic | 5.1 | 22.0 | 16.9 | |
| Hispanic | 2.6 | 13.7 | 11.1 | ||
| Primary insurance class | Commercial | 2.7 | 15.3 | 12.6 | |
| Medicaid/self-pay | 7.3 | 28.3 | 21.0 | ||
| Medicare | 4.2 | 18.2 | 14.0 | ||
| Accept connect, % yes | |||||
| Gender | Male | 0 | 43.7 | 43.7 | |
| Female | 0.8 | 43.6 | 42.8 | ||
| Age in years | 18–34 | 0 | 41.5 | 41.5 | |
| 35–64 | 0 | 44.6 | 44.6 | ||
| 65+ | 12.5 | 40.0 | 27.5 | ||
| Race | White | 0 | 40.4 | 40.4 | |
| African American | 0.7 | 45.8 | 45.1 | ||
| Other | 0 | 48.1 | 48.1 | ||
| Hispanic | Non-Hispanic | 0.6 | 42.9 | 42.3 | |
| Hispanic | 0 | 52.0 | 52.0 | ||
| Primary insurance class | Commercial | 0 | 41.8 | 41.8 | |
| Medicaid/self-pay | 0 | 44.1 | 44.1 | ||
| Medicare | 3.0 | 42.9 | 39.9 | ||
∞analyses for ASK include smoking status as a covariate
**indicates significant interaction effect p < 0.001
***indicates significant interaction effect p < 0.001 and greater than 10 difference in the proportion