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. 2020 Nov 12;10:19656. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72355-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Aβ₄₂ protofibril-EV exposure induces mitochondrial stress in cortical neurons. Neurons were transfected with CellLight Mitochondria-GFP 24 h prior to fixation (at day 3), targeting cellular mitochondria. In cultures exposed to control-EVs the neurons displayed an elongated, branched mitochondrial network (healthy), while neurons exposed to Aβ₄₂ protofibril-EVs frequently displayed a disrupted mitochondrial network and mitochondrial swelling (unhealthy) (a). Quantification revealed a significant decrease in the percentage of healthy mitochondria in neuronal cultures exposed to Aβ₄₂ protofibril-EVs, compared to control-EVs (***p < 0.001) (b). TEM analysis of neurons exposed to control-EVs verified that their mitochondria appeared healthy (white arrow head) (c), whereas Aβ₄₂ protofibril-EV exposed neurons had abnormally large, swollen and disrupted mitochondria (white arrow heads) (d,e). Scale bar: (a) = 20 µm.