Table 3.

Factors associated with renal failure.

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysisa
	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Age (per 1 year)	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	0.64	1.03 (1.00–1.05)	0.05
Male (vs. Female)	0.94 (0.56–1.58)	0.82	0.99 (0.55–1.76)	0.96
Risk factors for deteriorating kidney function
CKD	2.54 (1.34–4.82)	0.004	1.60 (0.78–3.30)	0.20
CHF	2.38 (1.31–4.33)	0.04	1.83 (0.88–3.78)	0.11
CCI	1.20 (1.07–1.33)	0.001	1.18 (1.04–1.35)	0.01
Cause of AKI required RRT
Sepsis	0.85 (0.49–1.49)	0.58
Surgery	1.20 (0.56–2.58)	0.64
Ischemia	0.95 (0.53–1.71)	0.87
Other	1.12 (0.65–1.92)	0.69
SAPS III	0.98 (0.96–1.02)	0.34	1.01 (0.95–1.04)	0.35
SOFA score	1.11 (0.99–1.24)	0.07	1.14 (1.00–1.31)	0.05
Clinical data
Urine output (per 1 mL/h)	1.02 (0.94–1.10)	0.66	1.01 (0.92–1.10)	0.91
Cr (per 1 mg/dL)	1.15 (1.07–1.23)	< 0.001	1.11 (1.02–1.21)	0.02
Na (per 1 mEq/L)	0.99 (0.97–1.02)	0.81	1.02 (0.97–1.06)	0.48
K (per 1 mEq/L)	1.04 (0.83–1.32)	0.72	0.79 (0.59–1.03)	0.08
TCO2 (per 1 mmol/L)	0.95 (0.91–1.00)	0.06	0.93 (0.88–0.99)	0.01
Total bilirubin (per 1 mg/dL)	0.93 (0.82–1.05)	0.25	0.99 (0.89–1.09)	0.79
Dyschloremia
Normochloremia	Reference		Reference
Hyperchloremia	1.12 (0.55–2.29)	0.75	1.26 (0.53–3.01)	0.60
Hypochloremia	2.08 (1.05–4.10)	0.03	2.74 (1.19–6.32)	0.02

CKD, chronic kidney disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; SAPS III, Simplified Acute Physiology Score III; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; AKI, acute kidney injury; Cr, creatinine; Na, sodium; K, potassium; TCO₂, total carbon dioxide; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

^aAdjusted for age, male, CKD, CHF, CCI, SAPS III, SOFA, urine output, Cr, Na, K, TCO₂, total bilirubin, hyperchloremia, and hypochloremia.