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. 2020 Nov 12;10:19714. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76242-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Evolution of the instantaneous frequencies. Upon partial synchronisation, the frequency distribution is shifted towards higher frequencies. (a, c) Histograms of the instantaneous frequencies of the oscillations of individual cells during asynchronous (desynchronized; black line) and partially synchronized (red line) oscillations. The instantaneous frequencies were binned into intervals of $δ f = 0.5$ mHz. (b, d) Temporal evolution of the mean of the frequency distribution. In a population of $ρ = 0.1 %$ (shown in Fig. 1), (a) the frequency distribution is shifted to slightly higher frequencies and its mean increases from (a) 20.0 to 21.0 mHz (at $t = 430$ s and $t = 990$ s, respectively). (b) Partial synchronisation is achieved as the mean of the frequency distribution reaches and remains on a plateau (from $t \approx 750$ to 1100 s). In a population of $ρ = 0.3 %$ (shown in Fig. 2), (c) the frequency distribution is shifted to slightly higher frequencies and its mean increases from (a) 27.5 to 30.0 mHz (at $t = 300$ s and $t = 790$ s, respectively). (d) Partial synchronisation is achieved as the mean of the frequency distribution reaches and remains on a plateau (from $t \approx 550$ to 950 s).