Figure 4.

Separation of latent and active tuberculosis by antibody features. A, LASSO and PLAS supervised model using all humoral features measured (Ab glycosylation, PPD-specific Fc effector functions, and PPD-specific subclass levels) and demographic data (age and body mass index) identified 5 features that could separate latent (blue dots) and active (red dots) tuberculosis with plot depicting separation. B, All 5 features are depicted as VIP scores. C, Violin distribution plots show median classification accuracies of PPD-specific Ab levels alone or in combination with whole, Fc, Fab, PPD, or Ag85A IgG glycans. Comparisons between specific groups were used to calculate statistical differences. Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; ATB, active tuberculosis; LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; LTB, latent tuberculosis; LV, latent variable; PLAS, partial least square discriminant analysis; PPD, purified protein derivative; TB, tuberculosis; VIP, variable importance in the projection.