Table 3.

Positive response rate for each question in the three groups.

	Living alone group (n = 12) (%)	Living together group (n = 62) (%)	Healthy control group (n = 37) (%)	p-value	Z-test with Bonferroni correction
1. Change in how to spend the day	16.7	50.8	70.3	0.004	Living alone < Control
2. Decrease in going out	18.2	52.5	78.4	0.001	Living alone, Living together < Control
3. Increase in staying at home	9.1	56.5	77.8	<0.001	Living alone < Living together, Control
4. Decrease in activity or exercise	16.7	54.9	47.2	0.053	n.a.
5. Increase in nap	25	22.6	11.1	0.326	n.a.
6. Increase in mental stress	9.1	18.6	58.3	<0.001	Living alone, Living together < Control
7. Loss of appetite	0	1.7	11.1	0.078	n.a.
8. Increase in appetite	0	15	2.8	0.068	n.a.
9. Sleeping disorder	33.3	17.9	40.7	0.061	n.a.
10. Constipation	9.1	13.0	10.8	0.972	n.a.

Analysis by χ²-test with Fisher's exact probability test and Bonferroni z-test.

n.a., not applicable.