Table 3.
Between-class comparison of the frequency of adverse events experienced in childhood (0–9), adolescence (10–14), and in the year prior to death.
| 0–9 years old | 10–14 years old | Year prior death | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class 1 n (%) | Class 2 n (%) | p-valuea | Class 1 n (%) | Class 2 n (%) | p-valuea | Class 1 n (%) | Class 2 n (%) | p-valuea | |
| Adversity related to the family of origin | |||||||||
| Victim of intra-familial sexual violence | 7 (18) | 41 (16) | 0.880 | 10 (26) | 30 (11) | 0.027 | 5 (13) | 7 (3) | 0.011 |
| Conflicts or tensions with (a) close family member(s) | 21 (54) | 80 (31) | 0.004 | 24 (62) | 105 (40) | 0.010 | 19 (49) | 43 (16) | <0.001 |
| Affective distance with (a) close family member(s) | 1 (3) | 17 (6) | 0.486 | 1 (3) | 19 (7) | 0.488 | 2 (5) | 9 (3) | 0.639 |
| Parental neglect | 13 (33) | 94 (36) | 0.922 | 15 (38) | 81 (31) | 0.429 | 9 (23) | 19 (7) | 0.004 |
| Inadequate education | 9 (23) | 48 (18) | 0.465 | 9 (23) | 54 (20) | 0.706 | 4 (11) | 16 (6) | 0.122 |
| Forced to keep or left in ignorance of a secret | 2 (5) | 20 (8) | 0.826 | 1 (3) | 27(1) | 0.213 | 0 (0) | 12 (5) | 0.376 |
| Separation with (a) close family member(s) | 8 (21) | 53 (20) | 1.000 | 4 (10) | 58 (22) | 0.139 | 3 (8) | 25 (9) | 1.000 |
| Mental health issues in the family of origin | 2 (5) | 41 (16) | 0.136 | 2 (5) | 42 (16) | 0.123 | 5 (13) | 7 (3) | 0.011 |
| New partner in parent's life | 4 (10) | 5 (2) | 0.018 | 1 (3) | 2 (1) | 0.340 | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 1.000 |
| Adversity related to affective life | |||||||||
| End of a romantic relationship | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 3 (8) | 8 (3) | 0.156 | 8 (21) | 67 (25) | 0.647 |
| Tensions and/or arguments in the couple | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 1.000 | 0 (0) | 37 (14) | 0.007 |
| Extra-conjugal relationship of the partner | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 1.000 | 3 (8) | 11 (4) | 0.402 |
| Adversity related to procreation and/or siblings | |||||||||
| Mental health problem in child(ren) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 17 (6) | 0.142 |
| Conflicts with child(ren) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 25 (9) | 0.055 |
| Change in the frequency of interaction with child(ren) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 2 (5) | 12 (5) | 0.698 |
| Personal adversity | |||||||||
| Victim of psychological violence | 7 (18) | 62 (23) | 0.572 | 8 (21) | 60 (23) | 0.917 | 5 (13) | 20 (8) | 0.343 |
| Victim of physical violence | 3 (8) | 27 (10) | 0.779 | 2 (5) | 26 (10) | 0.553 | 1 (3) | 1 (0) | 0.241 |
| Personal physical health problem | 5 (13) | 44 (17) | 0.647 | 9 (23) | 33 (12) | 0.084 | 10 (26) | 83 (32) | 0.464 |
| Personal psychological health problem | 6 (15) | 11 (4) | 0.441 | 9 (23) | 17 (6) | 0.441 | 6 (15) | 3 (1) | 0.001 |
| Personal behavioral problems | 5 (13) | 18 (7) | 0.319 | 17 (44) | 45 (17) | <0.001 | 10 (26) | 10 (4) | 0.001 |
| Serious accident | 0 (0) | 5 (2) | 1.000 | 0 (0) | 3 (1) | 1.000 | 2 (5) | 18 (7) | 1.000 |
| Witness or victim of a traumatic event | 4 (1) | 13 (5) | 0.251 | 4 (1) | 17 (6) | 0.328 | 0 (0) | 10 (4) | 0.371 |
| Adversity related to academic or professional life | |||||||||
| Learning disabilities, poor academic performance or school dropout | 13 (33) | 48 (18) | 0.047 | 17 (44) | 72 (27) | 0.057 | 10 (26) | 21 (8) | 0.004 |
| Relational problems with peers, bullying or harassment at school | 3 (8) | 22 (18) | 0.000 | 7 (18) | 24 (9) | 0.094 | 2 (5) | 6 (2) | 0.275 |
| Difficulties in finding work | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 3 (8) | 12 (5) | 0.421 |
| Conflicts with colleagues or boss | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 11 (5) | 0.370 |
| Job loss | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 2 (5) | 4 (2) | 0.173 |
| Unemployment | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 6 (15) | 53 (2) | 0.636 |
| Adversity related to the extended family | |||||||||
| Change in the frequency of interaction with a member of the extended family | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 6 (15) | 32 (12) | 0.604 |
| Relational difficulties with a member of the extended family | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 2 (5) | 34 (13) | 0.195 |
| Mental health problems in a member of the extended family | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 8 (21) | 41 (16) | 0.578 |
| Physical health problems in a member of the extended family | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 15 (6) | 0.284 |
| Adversity related to social life | |||||||||
| Difficulty making friends or engaging in social relationships | 3 (8) | 20 (8) | 1.000 | 7 (18) | 26 (10) | 0.163 | 5 (13) | 32 (12) | 0.799 |
| Loss of (a) friend(s) | 1 (3) | 5 (2) | 0.566 | 3 (8) | 7 (3) | 0.125 | 2 (5) | 14 (5) | 1.000 |
| Conflictual interactions with (a) friend(s) or rejection | 1 (3) | 4 (2) | 0.500 | 3 (8) | 5 (2) | 0.070 | 9 (24) | 28 (11) | 0.037 |
| Social isolation | 3 (8) | 15 (6) | 0.713 | 9 (23) | 17 (6) | 0.002 | 7 (18) | 73 (28) | 0.276 |
| Adversity related to losses | |||||||||
| Move or departure | 10 (26) | 42 (16) | 0.132 | 7 (18) | 22 (8) | 0.076 | 9 (24) | 34 (13) | 0.136 |
| Death of a close relative | 1 (3) | 6 (2) | 1.000 | 1 (3) | 12 (5) | 1.000 | 2 (5) | 8 (3) | 0.623 |
| Suicide attempt in a relative | 1 (3) | 5 (2) | 0.566 | 3 (8) | 14 (5) | 0.467 | 1 (3) | 12 (5) | 1.000 |
| Suicide of a relative | 8 (21) | 19 (7) | 0.013 | 11 (28) | 27 (10) | 0.004 | 3 (8) | 22 (8) | 1.000 |
| Adversity related to living conditions | |||||||||
| Precarious living conditions | 0 (0) | 17 (6) | 0.142 | 0 (0) | 14 (5) | 0.229 | 2 (5) | 20 (7) | 1.000 |
| Homeless | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 1.000 | 2 (5) | 12 (5) | 0.698 |
| Financial problems | 0 (0) | 3 (1) | 1.000 | 0 (0) | 4 (2) | 1.000 | 9 (23) | 91 (34) | 0.219 |
| Legal proceedings against the individual | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 1 (3) | 4 (2) | 0.500 | 4 (10) | 18 (7) | 0.503 |
a
Proportions are compared with Chi-square or Fisher exact tests depending on the marginal probabilities.