TABLE 1.
CNS injury was evaluated using the central motor latency (CML) of lower limb and MRI measures.
| Experiment 1 | ||||
| Groups | HC | PwMS | ||
| CML_left | – | −0.71 ± 2.17 (n = 10) | ||
| CML_right | – | −0.14 ± 2.79 (n = 10) | ||
| ΔCMCT | – | −0.52 ± 1.47 (n = 10) | ||
| Ventr. lesion (mm3) | 128.93 ± 66.88 (n = 10) | 6903.28 ± 2117.29** (n = 10) | ||
| Non-ventr. lesion (mm3) | 172.96 ± 72.53 (n = 5) | 3170.78 ± 920.43* (n = 9) | ||
| Total lesion (mm3) | 430.83 ± 121.89 (n = 5) | 10841.02 ± 2703.04* (n = 9) | ||
| C2 inner diameter | 1922.85 ± 100.91 (n = 5) | 1772.18 ± 83.96 (n = 9) | ||
| C2 outer diameter | 5752.08 ± 367.42 (n = 5) | 5248.85 ± 112.25* (n = 9) | ||
| NAA/Cr. ratio | 1.242 ± 0.04 (n = 5) | 1.19 ± 0.04 (n = 9) | ||
| Experiment 2 | ||||
| Groups | HC sham | HC real | PwMS sham | PwMS real |
| CML_left | – | – | −0.24 ± 2.30 (n = 15) | −0.18 ± 2.25 (n = 15) |
| CML_right | – | – | −1.73 ± 2.95 (n = 15) | −0.55 ± 1.35 (n = 15) |
| ΔCMCT | – | – | 1.49 ± 1.05 (n = 15) | −1.39 ± 1.45 (n = 15) |
| Ventr. lesion (mm3) | 113.38 ± 58.75 (n = 8) | 182.98 ± 1227.88 (n = 10) | 7017.53 ± 2308.56**** (n = 15) | 5223.76 ± 2589.20**** (n = 14) |
| Non-ventr. lesion (mm3) | 0.00 (n = 5) | 111.40 ± 50.76 (n = 4) | 1945.66 ± 485.78*** (n = 14) | 1391.19 ± 347.50*** (n = 11) |
| Total lesion (mm3) | 181.4 ± 81.11 (n = 5) | 568.86 ± 265.64 (n = 4) | 9464.44 ± 2761.44*** (n = 14) | 8039.62 ± 3254.56*** (n = 11) |
| C2 inner diameter | 1801.58 ± 64.02 (n = 5) | 1973.12 ± 38.9 (n = 4) | 1892.41 ± 53.47 (n = 14) | 1778.91 ± 58.48 (n = 11) |
| C2 outer diameter | 4760.87 ± 441.16 (n = 5) | 5038.14 ± 208.02 (n = 4) | 4745.68 ± 250.94 (n = 14) | 4374.65 ± 306.10 (n = 11) |
| NAA/Cr. ratio | 1.23 ± 0.13 (n = 5) | 1.20 ± 0.07 (n = 4) | 1.10 ± 0.09 (n = 14) | 1.20 ± 0.03 (n = 11) |
Negative value in CML indicates increased latency. The volumes of ventricular, non-ventricular and total cerebral lesions are expressed as mean ± SD. The diameter of the spinal cord at the C2 level as well as the ratio of N-acetylaspartate/creatine brain metabolites (NAA/Cr) are presented. Levels of significance for differences between controls and PwMS are *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001.