Table 1.
Participants characteristics and DASS-21 indicators by intervention and control group at baseline.
| Characteristics | Intervention group | Control group | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 47) | (N = 46) | ||
| Age (years, SD) | 48.3 (12.2) | 47.1 (10.6) | 0.61 |
| Length of hospital stay (days, SD) | 14.3 (4.87) | 14.3 (3.94) | 0.92 |
| Gender (n, %) | |||
| Male | 13 (27.7) | 20 (43.5) | 0.11 |
| Female | 34 (72.3) | 26 (56.5) | |
| Employment (n, %) | |||
| Employed | 27 (57.5) | 25 (54.4) | 0.76 |
| Unemployed/Retired | 20 (43.5) | 21 (45.7) | |
| Education level (n, %) | |||
| Secondary and below | 32 (68.1) | 29 (63.0) | 0.61 |
| Tertiary | 15 (31.9) | 17 (37.0) | |
| Marital Status (n, %) | |||
| Single | 3 (6.38) | 3 (6.52) | 0.95 |
| Married | 39 (83.0) | 39 (84.8) | |
| Divorce or others | 5 (10.6) | 4 (8.70) | |
| Chronic disease status (n, %) | |||
| Have chronic disease | 11 (23.4) | 8 (17.4) | 0.47 |
| No chronic disease | 36 (76.6) | 38 (82.6) | |
| Depression scale (mean, SD) | 11.0 (3.30) | 10.1 (3.17) | 0.15 |
| Anxiety scale (mean, SD) | 17.1 (4.44) | 16.5 (4.81) | 0.51 |
| Stress scale (mean, SD) | 16.8 (3.59) | 17.1 (3.71) | 0.74 |
| Total DASS-21 (mean, SD) | 45.0 (8.50) | 43.7 (8.83) | 0.46 |
| Depression level (n, %) | |||
| Normal | 19 (40.4) | 24 (52.2) | 0.55 |
| Mild | 18 (38.3) | 14 (30.4) | |
| Moderate | 9 (19.2) | 8 (17.4) | |
| Severe | 1 (2.13) | 0 | |
| Extremely severe | 0 | 0 | |
| Anxiety level (n, %) | |||
| Normal | 4 (8.50) | 5 (10.9) | 0.35 |
| Mild | 0 | 0 | |
| Moderate | 5 (10.6) | 11 (23.9) | |
| Severe | 21 (44.7) | 17 (37.0) | |
| Extremely severe | 17 (36.2) | 13 (28.3) | |
| Stress level (n, %) | |||
| Normal | 13 (27.7) | 12 (26.1) | 0.99 |
| Mild | 20 (43.6) | 20 (43.5) | |
| Moderate | 11 (23.4) | 11 (23.9) | |
| Severe | 3 (6.38) | 3 (6.52) | |
| Extremely severe | 0 | 0 | |
*
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean differences of age, length of hospital stay, scales of depression, anxiety, stress and DASS-21 between intervention and control group.
Chi-square test were used to compare the statistical differences between intervention and control group by participants characteristics, and the levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and DASS-21.