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. 2020 Oct;8(20):1303. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-6653

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2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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PM2.5 facilitated M2 macrophage polarization in vitro. M2 polarization of BMDMs was induced by 10 ng/mL GM-CSF and IL-4 following treatment with PBS or PM2.5 (50 or 100 µg/mL). (A) Representative FACS plots of M2 macrophages. (B) The mRNA expression levels of the M2 macrophage marker Arg-1. **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001. PM2.5, fine particulate matter; BMDMs, bone marrow-derived macrophages; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL, interleukin; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting.