Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of study population.
| HDs (n = 19) | COVID-19 subjects (n = 45) | Severe (n = 14) | Non-severe (n = 31) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | |||||
| Age, median (IRQ) years | 61 (55.5–66.0) | 62 (54.3–75.0) | 71 (62.3–85.5) | 58 (52.0–66.0) | 0.017a |
| Male/Female | 7/12 | 17/28 | 8/6 | 9/22 | 0.072a |
| Smoking | 5 | 4 | 1 | 3 | nsa |
| Incubation period (days) | – | 9 (5–10.5) | 7 (6.3–10) | 9 (5–11) | nsa |
| Comorbid condition | |||||
| Any | – | 26 | 12 | 14 | 0.021a |
| Chronical obstructive pulmonary disease | – | 4 | 3 | 1 | |
| Hypertension | – | 16 | 7 | 9 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | – | 7 | 4 | 3 | |
| Diabetes | – | 7 | 3 | 4 | |
| Malignant tumor | – | 7 | 3 | 4 | |
| Dyslipidemia | – | 6 | 3 | 3 | |
| Obesity | – | 5 | 2 | 3 | |
| Signs and symptoms | |||||
| Fever | – | 35 | 12 | 23 | |
| Dry cough | – | 20 | 4 | 16 | |
| Shortness of breath | – | 9 | 5 | 4 | |
| Confusion | – | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Anosmia and ageusia | – | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
| Laboratory findings | |||||
| WBC (x 109/L) | (4.4–11.3)c | 4.8 (3.5–5.8) | 5.4 (4.6–8.0) | 4.2 (3.3–5.7) | 0.061b |
| Lymphocytes (x 109/L) | (1.0–4.8)c | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | nsb |
| CRP (mg/dl) | (0.0–0.6)c | 3.5 (1.7–10.6) | 9.6 (4.2–16.6) | 2.2 (0.8–5.2) | 0.002b |
| P/F ratio | >400c | 329 (248–438) | 177 (143–248) | 383 (315.3–470) | <0.0001b |
| AST (UI/L) | (9-45)c | 21 (17–31) | 31 (21.8–53) | 18.5 (14.8–24.5) | 0.0006b |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | (12−300)c | 473 (235.3–816) | 871 (268–3044) | 466 (227–583) | nsb |
| LDH (U/L) | (135-225)c | 257 (204–310) | 404 (269.5–438) | 241 (185.5–272.5) | <0.0001b |
| D-dimer (μg/ml) | (50-420)c | 932 (486–1733) | 1612 (1331–2382) | 598.5 (433.3–1012) | 0.001b |
HDs: healthy donors, IQR: interquartile range, CRP: C-reactive protein, WBC: white blood cells, P/F: PaO2/FiO2, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.
Bold indicates p value significant.
a
The 2-tailed χ2 test or Fisher's exact test was used for comparing proportions between severe and non-severe groups.
b
The nonparametric comparative Mann-Whitney test was used to compare medians between severe and non-severe groups.
c
Normal range of laboratory findings in healthy donors.