Table 1.
Demographics of the whole study cohort—all patients.
| Variable type | Variable |
Main study cohort, CT-positive (n = 82) |
Comparison study cohort, CT-negative (n = 55) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | Age (years, mean ± SD) | 50.46 ± 20.35 | 43.67 ± 18.21 | 0.048 | |
| Sex (male/female) | 64 (78%)/18 (22%) | 34 (62%)/21 (38%) | 0.039 | ||
| GCS (median [range]) | 14 (3–15) | 15 (3–15) | 0.043 | ||
| Pupil reactivity | Unreactive/sluggish/reactive | 9 (11%)/3 (4%)/61 (74%)a | 1 (2%)/1 (2%)/52 (95%)b | 0.020 | |
| ISS (median [range]) | 18 (1–50) | 6 (1–57) | 0.001 | ||
| Isolated TBI | 49 (60%) | 32 (59%) | 0.856 | ||
| Evacuated mass lesion | 24 (29%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 | ||
| Hypoxia | 6 (7%)c | 1 (2%)d | 0.203 | ||
| Hypotension | 3 (4%)e | 0 (0%)f | 0.182 | ||
| Hypoglycemia | 0 (0%)g | 0 (0%)f | – | ||
| Anemia | 3 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 0.175 | ||
| Admitted to hospital | 76 (93%) | 33 (60%) | <0.001 | ||
| Outcome | Favorable (GOSE 5–8) | 49 (60%) | 51 (93%) | <0.001 | |
| Unfavorable (GOSE 1–4) | 33 (40%) | 4 (7%) | <0.001 | ||
| Complete (GOSE 8) | 10 (12%) | 23 (42%) | <0.001 | ||
| Incomplete (GOSE 1–7) | 72 (88%) | 32 (58%) | <0.001 | ||
| TBI-related deaths | 11 (12%) | 1 (2%) | <0.001 | ||
| HCTS | Mass lesion types | Subdural hematoma | 53 (65%) | – | – |
| Intracerebral hematoma | 53 (65%) | – | – | ||
| Epidural hematoma | 11 (13%) | – | – | ||
| Mass lesion size >25 cm3 | 26 (32%) | – | – | ||
| Intraventricular hemorrhage | 21 (26%) | – | – | ||
| Suprasellar cisterns | Normal | 47 (57) | – | – | |
| Compressed | 31 (38%) | – | – | ||
| Obliterated | 4 (5%) | – | – | ||
| Sum (median [range]) | 4 (−3 to 14) | 0 | <0.001 |
Statistically significant p-values are in bold. SD, standard deviation; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score; Isolated TBI, traumatic brain injury without concomitant extracerebral injuries; Hypoxia, event of hypoxia after injury; Hypotension, event of hypotension after injury; Anemia, anemia after injury; TBI, traumatic brain injury; GOSE, Glasgow Outcome Scale—Extended; HCTS, Helsinki Computed Tomography Score; CT-positive, Computed tomography-positive; CT-negative, Computed tomography-negative.
Data missing on nine patients.
Data missing on one patient.
Data missing on seven patients..
Data missing on 11 patients..
Data missing on two patients..
Data missing on eight patients..
Data missing on three patients.