Skip to main content
. 2020 Nov 13;72(6):500–507. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.11.007

Table 2.

Description of the included studies in the non-drug-induced group.

ID First author (reference) Type of study Country Study Population Study Purpose ECG findings
1 Shao F21 Retrospective observational study China 136 patients (female = 46, male = 90 To describe characteristics and outcomes in severe COVID-19 patients with cardiac arrest
  • -

    Initial rhythms: 8 (5.9%)V-fib∗/V-tach∗, 6 (4.4%) PEA∗, 122 (89.7%) asystole

  • -

    Patients monitored prior to IHCA∗:93.4%

  • -

    ROSC∗ achieved patients:75% of patients with V-fib or pulseless V-tach, 9% of asystole group
2 Deng Q6 Retrospective China 112 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (male = 57 (50.9%), female = 55 (49.1%)) Description of findings – suspected myocardial injury
  • -

    ECG abnormality definition: ST-T changes

  • -

    22 patients with ECG abnormality (2 in suspected myocarditis group (n = 14)): 7 in non-severe disease group (n = 45), 15 in severe disease group (n = 67), p = 0.37

  • -

    ECG changes generally non-specific

  • -

    Typical ECG signs absent, suggesting myocardial injury as a result of systemic effects of the illness instead of the virus itself

ECG changes in fatalities (n = 14):
  • -

    ST-segment changes or Abnormal ST-T changes: 9 patients

  • -

    LAD∗: 4 patients

  • -

    Q wave in inferior leads: 1 patient
3 Bangalore S22 Case series USA 18 COVID-19 positive patients with ST-elevation on ECG (male = 15 (83%), female = 3 (17%)) Findings description
  • -

    ST-elevation:

14 focal
4 diffuse
4 Cai XQ23 Case report China A 60-year-old male Clinical manifestations of a COVID 19 patient with a myocardial infection
  • -

    ST elevation in leads II, III, and aVF

  • -

    ST depression in leads V1–V6

  • -

    severe ischemia in the inferior wall (leads II, III, and aVF)
5 Loghin C24 Case report USA A 29-year-old male Clinical features of Pseudo acute myocardial infarction in a young COVID-19 patient
  • -

    Sinus tachycardia

  • -

    Marked RAD∗

  • -

    ST elevation in leads II, III, aVF, and V6 (Inferior leads)
6 Dabbagh MF25 Case report USA A 67-year-old female Development of Cardiac Tamponade and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a COVID-19 patient
  • -

    Low voltage in limb leads

  • -

    Non-specific ST changes

  • -

    Deep T wave inversion in precordial leads
7 Vidovich MI26 Case report USA A 61-year-old male Finding Transient Brugada-like ECG pattern in a COVID-19 patient
  • -

    Brugada-type pattern in the right precordial leads

  • -

    ST elevation in the right precordial leads
8 He J27 Case report China Patient 1:
A 66-year-old female
Patient 2:
A 70-year-old male		 ECG and cardiac manifestations in 2 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 Patient 1 (sequence of events):
  • -

    Sinus rhythm with first-degree AV∗ block

  • -

    Sinus tachycardia, first-degree AV block with S1Q3T3

  • -

    Mobitz type 1 s-degree AV block and atrioventricularjunctional escape beat

  • -

    High-grade (nearly complete) AV block with a junctional escape rhythm

  • -

    First-degree AV block and recovery from S1Q3T3

Patient 2 (sequence of events):
  • -

    Sinus tachycardia with incomplete RBBB∗

  • -

    Slight ST elevation

  • -

    V-tach

  • -

    V-tach and ventricular fusion

  • -

    Remarkable ST elevation in the form of a triangular QRS-ST-T waveform (in inferior and precordial leads).
9 Minhas AS28 Case report USA A 58-year-old female Clinical manifestations and outcomes of a patient with stress cardiomyopathy or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a COVID-19 patient
  • -

    Sinus tachycardia and 1 mm upsloping ST elevations in leads I and aVL

  • -

    Mild diffuse PR depressions and diffuse ST-T changes
10 Casey K29 Case report USA A 42-year-old COVID-19 positive male Case report – acute segmental pulmonary emboli
  • -

    T wave flattening in inferior leads

  • -

    RAD

  • -

    S1Q3T3
11 Inciardi RM30 Case report Italy A 53-year-old white woman Case report – cardiac involvement
  • -

    Low voltage in limb leads

  • -

    Minimal diffuse ST elevation (most prominent in inferior and lateral leads)

  • -

    ST depression and T inversion in aVR and V1
12 Chang D31 Case report USA A 49-year-old Bangladeshi man after an episode of syncope Brugada syndrome in a COVID-19 patient
  • -

    ST-elevation on first ECG

  • -

    Brugada syndrome upon fever development
13 Doyen D32 Case report France A 69-year-old man from Italy presented with ARDS Myocarditis in a COVID-19 patient
  • -

    LVH∗ (probably due to hypertension)

  • -

    Diffuse T inversion
14 Cizgici AY33 Case report Turkey A 78-year-old hypertensive patient Myopericarditis in a COVID-19 patient
  • -

    Concave ST elevation (except aVR) without reciprocal changes

  • -

    A-fib∗

∗Abbreviations: V-fib (ventricular fibrillation), V-tach (ventricular tachycardia), PEA (pulseless electrical activity), IHCA (in-hospital cardiac arrest), ROSC (restoration of spontaneous circulation), LAD/RAD (left/right axis deviation), RBBB (right bundle branch block), A-fib (atrial fibrillation), AV (atrioventricular), LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy).