TABLE 1—

Overview of Published Estimates of Comprehensive Wasteful US Medical Care Spending, in 2019 US$ Billions and Per Capita

Source	Aggregate Magnitude of Waste (Shown in 2019 US$ Billions)	Aggregate Magnitude of Waste (Shown in 2019 US$ Per Capita)
“The Price of Excess—Identifying Waste in Healthcare Spending”7	891–1345	2685–4053
“Where Can $700 Billion in Waste Be Cut Annually From the US Healthcare System?”8	876–1226	2639–3694
“The Healthcare Imperative: Lowering Costs and Improving Outcomes: Workshop Series Summary”3	879	2649
“Eliminating Waste in US Health Care”4	639–1449	1925–4366
“How Much of US Health Care Spending Provides Direct Care or Benefit to Patients?”9	601–1905	1811–5740
“Waste in the Health Care System: Estimated Costs and Potential for Savings”10	760–935	2290–2817