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. 2020 Nov 13;9(11):e1211. doi: 10.1002/cti2.1211

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© 2020 The Authors. Clinical & Translational Immunology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology Inc.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Main structural and immunological brain alterations in autism are linked to an abnormal maternal immune activation (MIA) and, in humans, are also possibly linked to the transdecidual crossing of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies against foetal brain antigens. Peripheral immune alterations of the foetus are mainly of the innate type. IL = interleukin; DA = dopaminergic; GLU = glutamatergic; GABA = γ‐aminobutyric acid; NK/KIR = NK/killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor; TH = T helper cells; Treg = T regulatory cells; Vit.D = vitamin D; BBB = blood–brain barrier.