TABLE 3.
Characteristics of the participants with and without MCI stratified by sex (n = 4,631).
| Characteristics | Males (n = 2,052) |
P-valuea | Females (n = 2,579) |
P-value | ||
| No | Yes | No | Yes | |||
| No. of subjects | 1,890 | 162 | 2,273 | 306 | ||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age group (%, years)c | ||||||
| 60–64 | 572 (30.3) | 52 (32.1) | 0.63 | 751 (33.0) | 89 (29.1) | 0.17 |
| 65–69 | 656 (34.7) | 44 (27.2) | 0.053 | 845 (37.2) | 88 (28.8) | <0.01 |
| 70–74 | 451 (23.9) | 43 (26.5) | 0.44 | 491 (21.6) | 84 (27.5) | 0.021 |
| ≥ 75 | 211 (11.2) | 23 (14.2) | 0.24 | 186 (8.18) | 45 (14.7) | <0.001 |
| Education level (≥ high school,%) | 478 (25.3) | 35 (21.6) | 0.30 | 229 (10.1) | 16 (5.23) | <0.01 |
| Currently married (%) | 1,704 (90.2) | 136 (84.0) | 0.014d | 1,969 (86.6) | 258 (84.3) | 0.27 |
| Income status (%, RMB) | ||||||
| <3,000 | 1,259 (66.6) | 113 (69.8) | 0.42 | 1,733 (76.2) | 250 (81.7) | 0.034 |
| 3,000–5,000 | 295 (15.6) | 29 (17.9) | 0.44 | 297 (13.1) | 32 (10.5) | 0.20 |
| >5,000 | 336 (17.8) | 20 (12.4) | 0.082 | 243 (10.7) | 24 (7.8) | 0.13 |
| Employed (%) | 206 (10.9) | 15 (9.26) | 0.52 | 81 (3.56) | 4 (1.31) | 0.047 |
| Health-related variables | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 (25.3, 25.6)b | 25.1 (24.7, 25.6) | 0.19 | 25.7 (25.5, 25.8) | 24.9 (24.6, 25.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 954 (50.5) | 102 (63.0) | <0.01 | 1,212 (53.3) | 180 (58.8) | 0.070 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 133.1 (132.5, 133.7) | 134.6 (132.7, 136.6) | 0.14 | 131.9 (131.3, 132.4) | 134.6 (133.1, 136.1) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81.4 (81.0, 81.7) | 81.9 (80.7, 83.0) | 0.43 | 79.9 (79.6, 80.2) | 79.9 (79.0, 80.7) | 0.98 |
| Diabetes (%) | 319 (16.9) | 30 (18.5) | 0.59 | 442 (19.5) | 59 (19.3) | 0.95 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.33 (5.28, 5.38) | 5.21 (5.04, 5.37) | 0.18 | 5.34 (5.30, 5.39) | 5.22 (5.10, 5.35) | 0.078 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 994 (52.6) | 85 (52.5) | 0.98 | 1,660 (70.0) | 193 (63.1) | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.85 (4.80, 4.90) | 4.87 (4.71, 5.04) | 0.77 | 5.30 (5.26, 5.35) | 5.26 (5.13, 5.38) | 0.49 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.24 (1.21, 1.27) | 1.26 (1.17, 1.36) | 0.66 | 1.57 (1.54, 1.60) | 1.40 (1.32, 1.47) | <0.0001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.36 (2.33, 2.39) | 2.43 (2.33, 2.54) | 0.15 | 2.58 (2.55, 2.61) | 2.62 (2.54, 2.70) | 0.32 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.26 (1.24, 1.28) | 1.24 (1.19, 1.30) | 0.52 | 1.30 (1.29, 1.31) | 1.32 (1.29, 1.36) | 0.12 |
| GS (adjusted weight) (kg) | 31.3 (30.8, 31.7) | 28.9 (27.6, 30.3) | <0.0001 | 18.1 (17.8, 18.3) | 16.0 (15.4, 16.6) | <0.0001 |
| PA(≥ 23.0 METs-h/w,%) | 1,235 (65.3) | 91 (56.2) | 0.020 | 1,465 (64.5) | 174 (56.9) | <0.01 |
| Sleepiness (scores) | 9.32 (9.18, 9.45) | 10.4 (9.85, 10.9) | <0.0001 | 9.35 (9.22, 9.48) | 9.85 (9.49, 10.22) | <0.01 |
| Sleep duration (%) | ||||||
| <6.5 h | 121 (6.40) | 9 (5.56) | 0.67 | 142 (6.25) | 14 (4.58) | 0.25 |
| 6.5–8.5 h | 1,072 (56.7) | 79 (48.8) | 0.051 | 1,194 (52.5) | 123 (40.2) | <0.0001 |
| >8.5 h | 697 (36.9) | 74 (45.7) | 0.027 | 937 (41.2) | 169 (55.2) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking status (%) | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 707 (37.4) | 57 (35.2) | 0.57 | 1,941 (85.4) | 259 (84.6) | 0.73 |
| Ex-smoker | 286 (15.1) | 16 (9.88) | 0.075 | 50 (2.20) | 5 (1.63) | 0.52 |
| Current smoker | 898 (47.5) | 89 (54.9) | 0.071 | 282 (12.4) | 42 (13.7) | 0.51 |
| Alcohol drinking (%) | 981 (48.1) | 92 (43.2) | 0.23 | 2,210 (2.77) | 298 (2.61) | 0.87 |
| MMSE scores | 27.2 (27.1, 27.3) | 20.7 (20.4, 21.1) | <0.0001 | 24.8 (24.6, 25.0) | 16.4 (16.1, 16.8) | <0.0001 |
| ADL scores | 15.2 (15.0, 15.3) | 15.0 (14.5, 15.5) | 0.40 | 15.7 (15.5, 15.8) | 16.0 (15.5, 16.4) | 0.19 |
BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; GS, grip strength; PA, physical activity; METs, metabolic equivalents; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; ADL, activities of daily living. aAnalysis of variance or logistic regression analysis. bGeometric least square mean (95% confidence interval) (all such values). cCategorical variables are expressed as number (percentage) of participants. dBoldface indicates statistical significance (P < 0.05) (or appropriate value).