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. 2020 Oct 30;11:563372. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.563372

Figure 1.

Figure 1

CDH11 expression in NC cells starts during specification stages. (A–X’) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using antibodies against CDH11 (yellow), PAX7 (pink) to mark NC cells and neural plate border, CDH1 (green) to mark cell-cell junctions and epithelial tissues, and HNK1 (blue) to mark migratory NC cells as well as parts of the endoderm, mesoderm, and notochord, or stained with DAPI (blue) to mark nuclei. At (A–D’) HH7[1 somite stage (SS)], when NC are induced at the neural plate border, CDH11 is expressed in the neural plate/tube, but is only expressed in a subset of border cells with PAX7. Examples of cells positive for both PAX7 and CDH11 are marked with pink arrows. (E-H’, I-L’) At HH8 (5 SS), CDH11 co-localizes with CDH1 in the developing neural tube. Black arrow marks cell in premigratory NC region positive for CDH11. (M–P’) At HH9 (7 SS) is strongly upregulated in the premigratory NC cells marked by PAX7 and early migrating NC cells marked by HNK1. (Q-T’) At late HH9 (9 SS) expression is maintained in the NC cells undergoing EMT and migrating out of the neural tube. (U–X’) At HH11 (15 SS), CDH11 expression is weaker in the neural tube and is maintained in the migratory NC cells marked by PAX7. Dashed boxes indicate zoom regions depicted by grayscale images. Scale bars as indicated in first row.