Table 2.

Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of Olfaction in Relation to Body Composition Measures in the Health ABC Study

Differences in Body Composition Measures at Baseline
Body Composition Measures	Difference (SE)	95% CI
Total mass (kg)
Poor olfaction	−1.67* (0.64)	(−2.92, −0.42)
Moderate olfaction	0.09 (0.60)	(−1.10, 1.27)
Good olfaction	Ref
Total lean mass (kg)
Poor olfaction	−0.53 (0.28)	(−1.08, 0.02)
Moderate olfaction	0.02 (0.27)	(−0.50, 0.54)
Good olfaction	Ref
Total fat mass (kg)
Poor olfaction	−1.14* (0.42)	(−1.96, −0.31)
Moderate olfaction	0.06 (0.40)	(−0.72, 0.84)
Good olfaction	Ref
Differences in Annual Changes in Body Composition Measures Over 7 Years
Body Composition Measures	Difference in Annual Changes (SE)	95% CI
Total mass (g)
Poor olfaction	−234* (105)	(−442, −26)
Moderate olfaction	−189 (98)	(−383, 6)
Good olfaction	Ref
Total lean mass (g)
Poor olfaction	−139* (49)	(−236, −43)
Moderate olfaction	−49 (46)	(−141, 43)
Good olfaction	Ref
Total fat mass (g)
Poor olfaction	−113 (88)	(−285, 59)
Moderate olfaction	−162 (86)	(−331, 8)
Good olfaction	Ref

Notes: Adjusted for age, sex, race, height, education, clinic site, family income, smoking status, physical activity, self-reported health status, cancer, depression, dementia, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. Poor olfaction represents BSIT score 0–8, moderate 9–10, and good 11–12. BSIT = Brief Smell Identification Test; CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

*p < .05.