Table 2.
Mean Mobility Outcomes Measured by Self-report Measures and WIMU-GPS
| Community Mobility Outcome | Mean ± SD (range) | Shapiro–Wilk Normality Test (S-W; normal distribution: p ≥ .05) | Coefficient of Variation (CV) | Mean Difference in Comparable Outcomes (WIMU-GPS – Diary) ± SD (range) | Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test of Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WIMU-GPS “hourly frequency” | 0.12 ± 0.06 (0.03–0.28) | p = .0002 log-transformed: p = 0.6071 | 0.50 | 0.01 ± 0.05 (−0.15–0.16) Shapiro–Wilk test: p = .1056 | W<W α = 0.05,53 =149.5, p < .2 |
| Diary “hourly frequency” | 0.11 ± 0.06 (0.03–0.34) | p = .0005 log-transformed: p = 0.9327 | 0.55 | ||
| WIMU-GPS “daily duration” | 25.0 ± 11.6% (6.2%–60.8%) | p = .04 log-transformed: p = 0.1618 | 0.46 | 4.8% ± 11.4% (−41.6%–25.1%) Shapiro–Wilk test: p < .0001 | W<W α = 0.05,53 =500.5, p < .0001† |
| Diary “daily duration” | 20.3 ±12.2% (0.2%–57.4%) | p = .01 log-transformed: p < .0001 | 0.60 | ||
| LSA “life space size”†† | 84.8 ± 16.3 (48–120) | p = .36 | 0.19 | ||
| WIMU-GPS “life space size” (km 2) | 4 048.8 ± 6 432.3 (8.2–29 448.6) | p < .0001 | 1.59 |
Note: “Hourly frequency” refers to the number of trips taken outside of the home per hour sampled, and “daily duration” refers to the percentage of total time sampled per day that participants were outside of home.
†Statistically significant differences in comparison pairs, shown using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test (p ≤ .05). Non-normal distribution of differences remained after log and logit transformations (both S-W tests yielded. p < .0001).
††LSA Maximum = 120.