Table 4.

Publications found in the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (NCBI-PubMed) reporting the standardisation of the LAMP technique as a useful tool for diagnosing foodborne trematodiases in the definitive host.

Parasite	Gene	Extracted/Spiked/Natural DNA	Sample	Sample Size	Sensitivity	Reference
C. sinensis	cox1	All of them	Human stool samples	120	1 egg/100 mg of faeces	[61]
F. hepatica	IGS	Spiked DNA	Samples collected from infected dog liver and faeces	-	1 egg	[62]
F. hepatica	ITS2	Natural DNA	Sheep faeces	15	10−3 ng	[63]
F. hepatica	ITS2	Natural DNA	Sheep and cattle faeces	Sheep:39 Cattle: 25	10−4 ng	[64]
F. hepatica	IGS	Extracted DNA	Individual worms and eggs	Adults: 14 Eggs: 1	10−5 ng	[65]
F. gigantica
O. viverrini	Microsatellite 6 (OVMS6)	Extracted DNA	Adult worms		1 ng	[66]
O. viverrini	nad1	Natural DNA	Vietnamese isolate (OvBD1) and samples collected from humans	-	10−3 –10−4 ng	[67]
O. viverrini	ITS1	Natural DNA	Adult worms from experimentally infected hamsters and children’s faeces	37	10−3 ng	[68]
P. westermani	Ty3/gypsy-like LTR retrotransposon (Rn1)	Natural DNA	Canine blood	124	2.7 fg	[69]
P. westermani (Oriental lung fluke)	ITS2	Natural DNA	Adult worms from experimentally-infected dogs, eggs from patients’ sputum and pleural fluid	Samples from patients’ sputum and pleural fluid: 17	10−8 ng	[70]