Table 1.
General characteristics of participants according to gender among adolescents.
| Variables | Total (n = 12,641) | Boys (n = 6388) | Girls (n = 6253) | ES | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 15.04 (1.70) | 15.00 (1.69) | 15.08 (1.71) | 0.05 | 0.01 | |
| Place of residence, n (%) | Urban | 5084 (40.22) | 2636 (41.26) | 2448 (39.15) | ||
| Rural | 7557 (59.78) | 3752 (58.74) | 3805 (60.85) | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
| Socioeconomic status, n (%) | Low | 8489 (67.15) | 4306 (67.41) | 4183 (66.90) | ||
| Moderate | 3265 (25.83) | 1626 (25.45) | 1639 (26.21) | 0.01 | 0.58 | |
| High | 887 (7.02) | 456 (7.14) | 431 (6.89) | |||
| Age when first tried cigarette smoking, n (%) | Never | 10,415 (82.39) | 4920 (77.02) | 5495 (87.88) | ||
| Age 10 U | 1017 (8.05) | 638 (9.99) | 379 (6.06) | 0.15 | ||
| Age 11–14 | 688 (5.44) | 454 (7.11) | 234 (3.74) | 0.00 | ||
| Age 15 A | 521 (4.12) | 376 (5.89) | 145 (2.32) | |||
| Smoking status in the past 30 days, n (%) | NS | 11,520 (91.13) | 5686 (89.01) | 5834 (93.30) | ||
| OS | 743 (5.88) | 451 (7.06) | 292 (4.67) | 0.08 | 0.00 | |
| RS | 378 (2.99) | 251 (3.93) | 127 (2.03) | |||
| Physical activity score | 2.26 (0.72) | 2.34 (0.76) | 2.18 (0.67) | 0.22 | 0.00 | |
| Physical activity category, n (%) | Active | 7632 (60.37) | 4087 (63.98) | 3545 (56.69) | ||
| Inactive | 5009 (39.63) | 2301 (36.02) | 2708 (43.31) | 0.07 | 0.00 | |
| Physical activity ≥ 30 min per week, n (%) | 0 days | 3584 (28.35) | 1765 (27.63) | 1819 (29.09) | ||
| 1–2 days | 2416 (19.11) | 1228 (19.22) | 1188 (19.00) | |||
| 3–4 days | 3238 (25.62) | 1726 (27.02) | 1512 (24.18) | 0.04 | 0.00 | |
| ≥5 days | 3403 (26.92) | 1669 (26.13) | 1734 (27.73) | |||
| Screen time (hour) | 0.66 (1.04) | 0.78 (1.133) | 0.53 (0.93) | 0.24 | 0.00 | |
| Screen time category, n (%) | <2 h | 10,963 (86.73) | 5334 (83.50) | 5629 (90.02) | ||
| ≥2 h | 1678 (13.27) | 1054 (16.50) | 624 (9.98) | 0.10 | 0.00 | |
| SPF QOL | 61.16 (10.75) | 60.77 (11.17) | 61.55 (10.29) | 0.07 | 0.00 | |
| PMH QOL | 34.93 (6.99) | 35.01 (7.32) | 34.85 (6.64) | 0.02 | 0.20 | |
| QOL quality of life score | LE QOL | 21.72 (4.68) | 22.04 (4.82) | 21.38 (4.51) | 0.14 | 0.00 |
| Total QOL | 140.31 (19.98) | 140.26 (20.23) | 140.36 (19.73) | 0.02 | 0.78 |
Data were described as n (%) or mean ± SD; age 10 U, age 10 and under; age 15 A, age 15 and above; NS, never smoker, OS, occasional smoker; RS, regular smoker; SPF, social and psychological function; PMH, physiological and mental health; LE, living environment; ES, effect size.