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. 2020 Oct 25;21(21):7918. doi: 10.3390/ijms21217918

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Elevated fasting serum insulin in adult PNA rats. Tail vein blood samples were taken from control (n = 15) and PNA (n = 9) rats at 16 weeks of age following an overnight fast. (A) A drop of blood was used to determine blood glucose using a standard glucometer. (B) Serum insulin concentrations were measured by ELISA. While fasting blood glucose levels were comparable, fasting serum insulin was significantly higher in the PNA rats. Data were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U tests and are shown as quartiles with the median. ** p < 0.005.