Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of the pretest and post-test variables with frequencies (% frequencies between brackets) or means (SD between brackets), and results of the analyses
| Phase 1 | Phase 2 | |||||||
| Promotion fit | Prevention fit | Control group | Promotion fit | Promotion non-fit | Prevention fit | Prevention non-fit | Control group | |
| Pretest variables | ||||||||
| General health status | 3.88 (0.77) | 3.77 (0.87) | 3.7 (0.87) | 3.79 (0.79) | 3.63 (0.67) | 3.66 (0.76) | 3.70 (0.77) | 3.76 (0.69) |
| Physical activity | 2.45 (1.85) | 2.47 (1.69) | 2.43 (1.92) | 0.78 (0.42) | 0.81 (0.39) | 0.76 (0.46) | 0.72 (0.45) | 0.86 (0.35) |
| Smoking habits | 1.86 (4.85) | 1.99 (4.99) | 3.32 (6.42) | 3.53 (5.4) | 3.12 (4.66) | 4.93 (5.59) | 3.19 (5.15) | 7.22 (5.4) |
| Alcohol consumption | 1.92 (2.79) | 1.71 (2.27) | 1.42 (2.14) | 3 (2.26) | 2.66 (2.15) | 3.27 (4.13) | 2.67 (3.54) | 3.1 (4) |
| Fear of breast Cancer | 3.4 (.85) | 3.4 (.81) | 3.4 (1) | 3.75 (.95) | 3.59 (.91) | 3.79 (.95) | 3.83 (.93) | 3.68 (1) |
| Ego-involvement | 5.9 (1.1) | 5.8 (1.27) | 5.9 (1.3) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Benefit for mammography | 3.9 (0.62) | 3.8 (0.62) | 4 (0.74) | 4.1 (0.75) | 4.12 (0.73) | 4.16 (0.68) | 4.16 (0.65) | 3.94 (0.78) |
| Intention to ask for BC screening | – | – | – | 3.35 (1.33) | 3.35 (1.29) | 3.44 (1.22) | 3.31 (1.40) | 3.45 (1.41) |
| Diet | ||||||||
| No | 46 (38%) | 49 (37%) | 39 (36%) | 24 (41%) | 30 (53%) | 29 (39%) | 27 (37%) | 13 (45%) |
| Yes | 76 (62%) | 81 (62%) | 69 (64%) | 34 (59%) | 27 (47%) | 45 (61%) | 47 (63%) | 16 (55%) |
| BC among relatives | ||||||||
| No | 117 (96%) | 117 (90%) | 89 (82%) | 52 (90%) | 48 (84%) | 65 (88%) | 67 (90%) | 28 (97%) |
| Yes (mother) | 4 (3%) | 8 (6%) | 17 (16%) | 5 (9%) | 6 (11%) | 7 (10%) | 7 (10%) | 1 (3%) |
| Do not know | 1 (1%) | 5 (4%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (5%) | 2 (2%) | – | – |
| Mammography | ||||||||
| No | 100 (82%) | 100 (77%) | 72 (67%) | 40 (69%) | 38 (67%) | 50 (68%) | 50 (68%) | 23 (79%) |
| Yes | 22 (18%) | 30 (23%) | 36 (33%) | 18 (31%) | 19 (33%) | 24 (32%) | 24 (32%) | 6 (21%) |
| Biopsy | ||||||||
| No | 17 (77%) | 27 (90%) | 26 (72%) | 57 (98%) | 55 (97%) | 67 (91%) | 71 (96%) | 29 (100%) |
| Yes | 5 (23%) | 3 (10%) | 10 (28%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 7 (9%) | 3 (4%) | – |
| Knowledge of BC screening programme | ||||||||
| No | 76 (62%) | 69 (53%) | 64 (59%) | 21 (36%) | 23 (40%) | 26 (35%) | 27 (37%) | 7 (24%) |
| Yes | 46 (38%) | 61 (47%) | 44 (41%) | 37 (64%) | 34 (60%) | 48 (65%) | 47 (63%) | 22 (76%) |
| Knowledge of the age thresholds for BC screening programme | ||||||||
| Do not know | 16 (35%) | 24 (39%) | 13 (30%) | 21 (36%) | 32 (56%) | 26 (35%) | 27 (37%) | 7 (24%) |
| Wrong | 22 (48%) | 28 (46%) | 30 (68%) | 29 (50%) | 18 (32%) | 34 (46%) | 37 (50%) | 18 (62%) |
| Correct | 8 (17%) | 9 (15%) | 1 (2%) | 8 (14%) | 7 (12%) | 14 (19%) | 10 (13%) | 14 (14%) |
| Post-test variables | ||||||||
| Intention to ask for BC screening | 2.20 (1.05) | 2.26 (1.06) | 3.36 (1.33) | 3.02 (1.61) | 2.89 (1.48) | 3.17 (1.48) | 3 (1.54) | 2.78 (1.49) |
| Results from ANCOVA* or repeated measures ANCOVA† | F* (2, 319)=49.57, p<0.0001, η2p=0.24 | Within subject comparison between preintention and postintention: F† (1, 267.91)=5.10, p=0.025, partial η2=0.02 Between subject comparisons among groups: F† (4, 284)=0.43, p>0.05 |
||||||
| Promotion fit versus control condition t(319)=−8.80, p<0.0001, r=0.44 | ||||||||
| Prevention fit versus control condition t(319)=−8.80, p<0.0001, r=0.44 | ||||||||
| Significant covariates | ||||||||
| Fear of BC: F(1, 319)=6.81, p=0.010, partial η2p=0.02 | Fear of BC: t(284) = 2.76, p=0.006, B=0.24, partial η2=0.03 (95% low CI=0.07, 95% high CI=0.42) | |||||||
| Age: F(1, 319)=26.20, p<0.0001, partial η2p=0.08 | Age, t(284) = 6.26, p<0.0001, B=0.11, partial η2=0.12 (95% low CI=0.08, 95% high CI=0.15) | |||||||
| Risk perception, t(284) = 2.26, p=0.024, B=0.37, partial η2=0.02 (95% low CI=0.05, 95% high CI=0.70). | ||||||||
*Ancova
†Repeated Measures Ancova
ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; BC, breast cancer.