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. 2020 Oct 28;21(21):8031. doi: 10.3390/ijms21218031

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Cardiolipin translocation to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) induces mitophagy. In damaged mitochondria, translocation of CL to the OMM is performed via nucleoside diphosphate kinase D (NDPK-D) activity [94]. CL on the OMM interacts with the cytosolic mitophagic protein LC3 which is responsible for autophagolysosome formation [12] and beclin 1, leading to the activation of other mitophagic actors [98]. Moreover, oxidized CL can be dissociated from cytochrome c and therefore translocated to the OMM, where their interaction with LC3 initiates the formation of autophagolysosome [95].