Figure 4.

(A) Cardiolipin-mediated apoptotic pathway via Bcl-2 family proteins interaction and cytochrome c release. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under stress signals confer a peroxidase activity to cytochrome c (cytC). Oxidation of CL via cytC results in dissociation of cytC-CL complex, leading to cytC release to the cytosol [116,117]. Moreover, the interaction of CL with tBID allows the oligomerization of Bax/Bak, resulting in mitochondria disruption and cytC release to the cytosol, which will activate the caspase signaling pathway and initiate apoptosis [104,105,106]. (B) Schematic representation of CL peroxidation which leads to dissociation of CL-cytC complex.