Table 3. Diagnostic Test Accuracy of the Red Reflex Test for Detecting Ocular Pathologies.
| Source | Total No. | No. (%) of patients | Sensitivity, % (95% CI) | Specificity, % (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease prevalence | Abnormal red reflex | True-positive finding | False-positive finding | False-negative finding | True-negative finding | ||||
| Any ocular pathology | |||||||||
| Ludwig et al,9 2018 | 194 | 49 (25.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 (25.3) | 145 (74.7) | 0 (0-7) | 100 (97-100) |
| Ma et al,10 2018 | 481 | 162 (33.7) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 0 | 160 (33.3) | 319 (66.3) | 1 (0-4) | 100 (99-100) |
| Mussavi et al,11 2014 | 255 | 60 (23.5) | 168 (65.9) | 51 (20.0) | 117 (45.9) | 9 (3.5) | 78 (30.6) | 85 (74-92) | 40 (33-47) |
| Sun et al,12 2016 | 7641 | 2178 (28.5) | 570 (7.5) | 303 (4.0) | 267 (3.5) | 1875 (24.5) | 5196 (68.0) | 14 (13-15) | 95 (95-96) |
| Viquez and Wu,13 2020a | 142 | 31 (21.8) | 20 (14.1) | 7 (4.9) | 13 (9.2) | 24 (16.9) | 98 (69.0) | 23 (11-40) | 88 (81-93) |
| Summary estimate, % (95% CI) | 27.3 (24.0-30.9) | 2.0 | 1.8 | 25.3 | 70.9 | 7.5 (7.4-7.5) | 97.5 (97.5-97.5) | ||
| Medical or surgical intervention–demanding ocular pathology | |||||||||
| Ludwig et al,9 2018 | 194 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 194 (100) | NaN | 100 (98-100) |
| Ma et al,10 2018 | 481 | 12 (2.5) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 11 (2.3) | 468 (97.3) | 8 (1-35) | 100 (99-100) |
| Mussavi et al,11 2014 | 255 | 0 | 168 (65.9) | 0 | 168 (65.9) | 0 | 87 (34.1) | NaN | 34 (28-40) |
| Sun et al,12 2016 | 7641 | 108 (1.4) | 570 (7.5) | 5 (0.1) | 565 (7.4) | 103 (1.3) | 6968 (91.2) | 5 (2-10) | 98 (97-98) |
| Viquez and Wu,13 2020a | 142 | 2 (1.4) | 20 (14.1) | 2 (1.4) | 18 (12.7) | 0 | 122 (85.9) | 100 (34-100) | 87 (81-92) |
| Summary estimate, % (95% CI)b | 0.9 (0.2-2.0) | 0.2 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 96.7 | 17.5 (0.8-84.8) | 97.6 (87.7-99.6) | ||
Abbreviation: NaN, not a number, due to division by zero.
a
Data extraction was only possible per eye.