Table. Characteristics of Eligible Randomized Clinical Trials.
| Source | No. of patients (No. of patients in control arm of RCT) | Diagnosis | No. (%) of patients with nasal polyps | Bilateral endoscopic nasal polyp score, mean (SD) | No. (%) of patients with ≥1 previous sinus surgery | Type of nonmedicated control substances or sham intervention | Composition of nonmedicated control substance | Follow-up duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anzić et al,19 2017 | 60 (27) | CRSsNP | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 (0) | Oral | NR | 8 wk |
| Bellussi et al,20 1990 | 40 (20) | CRS | NR | NR | NR | Oral | NR | 10 d |
| Ebbens et al,21 2006 | 116 (57) | Mixed | 48 (84) | 7.2 (3.7) | 57 (100) | Topical irrigation | Cernevit, 3.4 mL/L in sterile water containing 2.5% glucose | 13 wk |
| Esmaeilzadeh et al,22 2015 | 34 (16) | CRSwNP | 16 (100) | NR | NR | Oral and topical nasal spray | Normal saline and sugar capsules | 6 mo |
| Gevaert et al,23 2011 | 30 (10) | CRSwNP | 10 (100) | 5.5 (1.65) | 8 (80) | Injections | NR | 8 wk |
| Gevaert et al,24 2013 | 23 (8) | CRSwNP | 8 (100) | 6 (6-8)a | 6 (75) | Injections | NR | 16 wk |
| Hamilos et al,25 1999 | 21 (11) | CRSwNP | 10 (100) | NR | NR | Topical nasal spray | Diluent | 4 wk |
| Hansen et al,26 2010 | 20 (10) | CRSsNP | 0 (0) | NR | 10 (100) | Topical nasal spray | Aqueous medium containing microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose sodium, benzalkonium chloride, EDTA disodium salt dehydrate, dextrose anhydrous, and polysorbate 80 | 12 wk |
| Haye et al,27 1998 | 45 (22) | CRSwNP | 22 (100) | NR | NR | Oral | NR | 12 wk |
| Hissaria et al,28 2006 | 41 (20) | CRSwNP | 20 (100) | NR | 13 (65) | Oral | NR | 2 wk |
| Jiang et al,29 2015 | 87 (44) | CRS | 16 (41) | 4.92 (1.37) | 0 (0) | Topical irrigation | Yellowish dye mixed with 60 mL of sterile water | 8 wk |
| Jiang et al,30 2018 | 83 (42) | CRS | 14 (38.8) | 5.31 (1.43) | 0 (0) | Topical irrigation | Yellowish dye mixed with 60 mL of sterile water | 8 wk |
| Keith et al,31 2000 | 104 (52) | CRSwNP | 52 (100) | NR | 34 (65) | Topical nasal spray | NR | 12 wk |
| Kennedy et al,32 2005 | 53 (28) | CRS | NR | NR | NR | Oral | NR | 6 wk |
| Kirtsreeakul et al,33 2011 | 112 (47) | CRSwNP | 46 (100) | 3.09 (1.05) | 0 (0) | Oral | NR | 14 d |
| Leopold et al,34 2019 | 323 (80) | CRSwNP | 80 (100) | 3.8 (1.08) | 22 (27.5) | Topical nasal drops | Diluent of fluticasone propionate | 16 wkb |
| Lildholdt et al,35 1995 | 126 (40) | CRSwNP | 40 (100) | NR | NR | Topical nasal spray | Lactose | 4 wk |
| Lund et al,36 2004 | 167 (86) | CRSsNP | 0 (0) | 0 | NR | Topical | NR | 20 wk |
| Mortazavi et al,37 2017 | 38 (19) | CRSwNP | 19 (100) | NR | NR | Oral | NR | 6 mo |
| Mösges et al,38 2011 | 60 (35) | CRSsNP | 0 (0) | NR | NR | Topical | NR | 16 wk |
| Palm et al,39 2017 | 929 (306) | CRSsNP | 0 (0) | NR | NR | Oral | NR | 12 wk |
| Penttilä et al,40 2000 | 142 (47) | CRSwNP | 47 (100) | NR | 10 (21) | Topical nasal drops | NR | 12 wk |
| Rössberg et al,41 2005 | 65 (19) | CRSsNP | 0 (0) | 0 | 4 (21.1) | Sham acupuncture | NA | 12 wk |
| Sindwani et al,42 2019 | 323 (82) | CRSwNP | 82 (100) | 3.8 (0.94) | 52 (63.4) | Topical nasal spray | Diluent of fluticasone propionate | 16 wkb |
| Small et al,43 2005 | 354 (117) | CRSwNP | 117 (100) | 4.25 | NR | Topical | Aqueous medium containing glycerin, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, sodium citrate, 0.25% wt/wt phenylethyl alcohol, citric acid, benzalkonium chloride, and polysorbate 80 | 4 mo |
| Stjärne et al,44 2006a | 310 (106) | CRSwNP | 106 (100) | 4.17 | NR | Topical nasal spray | Aqueous medium containing glycerin, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, sodium citrate, 0.25% wt/wt phenylethyl alcohol, citric acid, benzalkonium chloride, and polysorbate 80 | 4 mo |
| Stjärne et al,45 2006b | 298 (145) | CRSwNP | 100 (69.0) | NR | 38 (26.2)c | Topical nasal spray | Aqueous medium containing glycerin, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, sodium citrate, 0.25% wt/wt phenylethyl alcohol, citric acid, benzalkonium chloride, and polysorbate 80 | 16 wk |
| Stjärne et al,46 2009 | 162 (82) | CRSwNP | 44 (64) | NR | NR | Topical nasal spray | NR | 168 +/− 7 d |
| Tait et al,47 2018 | 74 (34) | Mixed | 6 (16) | 4.9 (1.9) | 12 (32) | Topical irrigation | Normal saline and lactose | 4 wk |
| Vaidyanathan et al,48 2011 | 60 (30) | CRSwNP | 30 (100) | 4.8 (0.9) | 9 (30) | Oral | NR | 2 wk |
| Vento et al,49 2012 | 60 (30) | CRSwNP | 30 (100) | NR | 20 (66.7) | Oral | NR | 9 mo |
| Videler et al,50 2011 | 60 (31) | CRSwNP | 13 (41.9) | NR | NR | Oral | NR | 24 wk |
| Vlckova et al,51 2009 | 109 (55) | CRSwNP | 55 (100) | NR | 40 (73) | Topical nasal spray | Aqueous medium containing microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, benzalkonium chloride, EDTA disodium salt dehydrate, dextrose anhydrous, and polysorbate 80 | 14 wk |
| Wallwork et al,52 2006 | 64 (35) | CRSsNP | 0 (0) | NR | NR | Oral | NR | 24 wk |
| Wang et al,53 2015 | 60 (30) | CRSwNP | 30 (100) | 4.72 (0.67) | 0 (0) | Topical irrigation | Normal saline | 14 d |
| Yousefi et al,54 2017 | 80 (40) | Mixed | 6 (15) | NR | 0 (0) | Topical irrigation | Sterile water | 12 wk |
| Yu et al,55 2017 | 43 (22) | CRS | NR | NR | 0 (0) | Topical irrigation | Normal saline | 8 wk |
| Zhou et al,56 2016 | 748 (373) | CRSwNP | 373 (100) | 3.7 (1.1) | 85 (22.8) | Topical nasal spray | Aqueous medium containing glycerin, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, sodium citrate, 0.25% wt/wt phenylethyl alcohol, citric acid, benzalkonium chloride, and polysorbate 80 | 16 wk |
Abbreviations: CRS, chronic rhinosinusitis; CRSsNP, chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps; CRSwNP, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; mixed, chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; RCT, randomized clinical trial.
a
Median and interquartile range.
b
Nasal obstruction scores reported at 4 weeks.
c
Authors reported values for more than 2 previous operations.