BAL	bronchoalveolar lavage
BALF	bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
BAP	6-benzylaminopurine
b.w.	body weight
cDNA	complementary DNA
COPD	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COX-2	cyclooxygenase-2
CRP	C-reactive protein
DC	dendritic cell
E1	extracts from roots of field cultivated Platycodon grandiflorum
E2	extracts from biotransformed roots of Platycodon grandiflorum
E3	extracts from callus of Platycodon grandiflorum
ELISA	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
GAPDH	glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
PG	Platycodon grandiflorum
HPLC	high-performance liquid chromatography
HPLC-DAD-MSn	diode-array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
IgE	immunoglobulin E
IL-13	interleukin-13
IL-6	interleukin 6
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
LC-MS	liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
MAPK	mitogen activated protein kinase
MBS	sodium metabisulfite
MCP-1	monocytic chemotactic protein-1
NAA	naphthaleneacetic acid
mRNA	messenger RNA
MUC5AC	mucin 5AC
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
PCR	polymerase chain reaction
qPCR	quantitative polymerase chain reaction
qRT-PCR	quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
RAW 264.7 cells	monocyte/macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7
RNA	ribonucleic acid
SO2	sulfur dioxide
TGF-β1	transforming growth factor beta 1
TGF-β2	transforming growth factor-beta 2
TGF-β3	transforming growth factor beta 3
Th	T helper
Th1	Th type-1
Th2	Th type-2
TNF-alfa	tumor necrosis factor alfa
UPLC	ultra-performance liquid chromatography
UPLC-MS/MS	ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor