Table 4.
Infection characteristics.
| HFpEF only (N = 305) |
No HFpEF and no HFrEF (N = 787) |
p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antibiotics | Time from ED admission to antibiotic initiation (h) | Median | 2.1 | 2.25 | 0.864 |
| IQR | 2.85 | 3.86 | |||
| N (%) | p-value | ||||
| Antibiotics | Antibiotic used | 294 (96.7) | 752 (95.8) | 0.487 | |
| Appropriate choice of antibiotic | 241 (92.7) | 648 (93.5) | 0.655 | ||
| Site of infection | Lung | 140 (46.7) | 304 (39.3) | 0.027 | |
| Urine | 121 (40.2) | 228 (29.2) | 0.001 | ||
| Gastrointestinal system | 32 (10.6) | 139 (17.8) | 0.004 | ||
| Surgical site | 5 (1.7) | 14 (1.8) | 0.879 | ||
| Skin | 17 (5.7) | 35 (4.5) | 0.423 | ||
| Bone | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.3) | 0.323 | ||
| Peritoneum | 3 (1.0) | 7 (0.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Liver | 2 (0.7) | 5 (0.6) | 1.00 | ||
| Heart | 7 (2.3) | 16 (2.1) | 0.776 | ||
| Gall bladder | 7 (2.3) | 19 (2.4) | 0.913 | ||
| Intravascular catheter | 2 (0.7) | 8 (1.0) | 0.735 | ||
| Bacteria | Blood | 137 (45.2) | 362 (46.3) | 0.749 | |
| Urine | 103 (33.9) | 214 (27.3) | 0.032 | ||
| Sputum | 37 (12.3) | 83 (10.7) | 0.474 | ||
| Wound | 21 (7.0) | 41 (5.3) | 0.269 | ||
| Bacteria in blood | Staphylococcus coagulase negative | 32 (10.5) | 93 (11.8) | 0.537 | |
| E. coli | 59 (19.3) | 143 (18.2) | 0.654 | ||
| Streptococcus | 12 (3.9) | 29 (3.7) | 0.846 | ||
| Bacteria in urine | Acinetobacter baumannii | 4 (1.3) | 6 (0.8) | 0.479 | |
| E. coli | 64 (21.0) | 145 (18.4) | 0.335 | ||
| Klebsiella pneumonia | 18 (5.9) | 35 (4.4) | 0.316 | ||
| Bacteria in sputum | Pseudomonas | 9 (3.0) | 15 (1.9) | 0.291 | |
| E. coli | 8 (2.6) | 17 (2.2) | 0.646 | ||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 9 (3.0) | 13 (1.7) | 0.170 | ||
| Bacteria in wound | Staphylococcus coagulase negative | 4 (1.3) | 5 (0.6) | 0.276 | |
| Pseudomonas | 3 (1.0) | 5 (0.6) | 0.693 | ||
| Enterococcus | 6 (2.0) | 3 (0.4) | 0.017 | ||
| E. coli | 9 (3.0) | 17 (2.2) | 0.442 | ||
ED, emergency department, E. coli, Escherichia coli; h, hours; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection, HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.