Table 3.
Characteristics of pressure ulcers in the included studies.
| No. | Reference (Localization) |
Characteristics of the Pressure Ulcers | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pressure Ulcers (n) | Stage (n) | Localization (n) | Baseline Size cm2 (Mean ± SD) (cm2 +/− SD) |
||||||||||
| I | II | III | IV | Sacrum/ Coccyx |
Foot/ Heel |
Buttock | Ischium | Trochanter | Other | ||||
| Bale et al., 1997 (the UK) |
60 | 0 | 45 | 15 | 0 | 31 | 16 | nd | nd | 2 | 11 | (sore area (cm2) >5: n = 24 (sore area (cm2) 5–<10: n = 12 (sore area (cm2) 10–<20: n = 13 (sore area (cm2) ≥ 20: n = 11 |
|
| Brown-Etris et al., 2008 (the USA, Canada) |
72 | 0 | 45 | 27 | 0 | 22 | 8 | 14 | 12 | nd | 16 | SG = 2.5 +/− 4.86 (cm2 +/− SD) CG = 1.5 +/− 1.69 (cm2 +/− SD) |
|
| Chamorro et al., 2019 (Spain) | 169 | 0 | 169 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 19 | 40 | 0 | 15 | 20 | nd | |
| Gorse et al., 1987 (the USA) |
128 | 0 | 107 | 21 | 56 | nd | nd | 22 | 29 | 21 | nd | ||
| Hollisaz et al., 2004 (Iran) |
61 | 24 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 14 | 32 | 0 | 0 | SG = 7.26 +/− 15.4 (cm2 +/− SD) CG = 10.27 +/− 15.32 (cm2 +/− SD) |
|
| Hondé et al., 1994 (France) |
168 | 0 | nd | nd | nd | 61 | 92* | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | SG = 6.85 cm2 CG = 8.99 cm2 |
|
| Sopata et al., 2002 (Poland) |
38 | 0 | 12 | 26 | 0 | 17 | nd | 12 | nd | nd | nd | SG = 8.28 +/− 13.90 (cm2 +/− SD) CG = 11.04 +/− 11.65 (cm2 +/− SD) |
|
| Thomas et al., 2005 (the USA) |
41 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 19 | 23 ** | nd | nd | 9 ** | nd | 9 ** | SG = 12.1 +/− 18.2 (cm2 +/− SD) CG = 11.0 +/− 9.5 (cm2 +/− SD) |
|
Note: nd—no data; SG—study group; CG–control group; source: the authors’ own analysis; *—the number deduced due to an error in the text of the publication; **—the numbers calculated from percentage values given in the text of the publication.