CKD	chronic kidney disease
PTC	peritubular capillary
ESRD	end-stage renal disease
DVR	descending vasa recta
AVR	ascending vasa recta
EC	endothelial cell
GFR	glomerular filtration ratio
VEGF-A	vascular endothelial growth factor-A
VEGFR2	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2
BUN	blood urea nitrogen
Angpt-1	angiopoietin-1
TSP-1	thrombospondin-1
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
IL-1β	interleukin-1β
UUO	unilateral ureteral obstruction
IRI	ischemia reperfusion injury
PI3K	phosphoinositide-3-kinase
FOXO1	forkhead box O-1
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homolog
HIF	hypoxia-inducible factor
FoxD1	forkhead box D-1
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-β
EPO	erythropoietin
PDGF-B	platelet-derived growth factor-B
AKI	acute kidney injury
VE-PTP	vascular endothelial-protein tyrosine phosphatase
PHD	prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein
NAD	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
SIPS	stress-induced premature senescence
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
VASH	vasohibin
PDGFRβ	platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β
EPC	endothelial progenitor cell
EndMT	endothelial to mesenchymal transition
RRI	renal resistive index
EMP	endothelial microparticles
PL-VAP	plasmalemmal-vesicle-associated protein
BOLD-MRI	blood oxygen level-dependent-magnetic resonance imaging
ACE	angiotensin-converting enzyme
ARB	angiotensin II receptor blocker
SPL	spironolactone
ET-A	endothelin-A receptor
SGLT2	sodium glucose cotransporter 2
NMN	nicotinamide mononucleotide
NAM	nicotinamide
IPF	idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis