Table 3.
Selected studies using the combination of TACE and systemic therapy.
| Combination Modality with TACE | Trial Identifier | Study Duration | Treatment | Number | Primary Endpoint and Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-angiogenic therapy | SPACE, NCT00855218 | 2009.03–2013.02 | Sorafenib with DEB-TACE vs. placebo with DEB-TACE |
307 | Sorafenib plus DEB-TACE did not improve TTP compared with DEB-TACE alone [93] |
| Anti-angiogenic therapy | TACE 2, ISRCTN93375053 | 2010.11–2015.12 | Sorafenib with DEB-TACE vs. placebo with DEB-TACE |
313 | Sorafenib plus DEB-TACE did not improve PFS compared with DEB-TACE alone [94] |
| Anti-angiogenic therapy | BRISK-TA, NCT00908752 | 2009.07–2012.09 | Brivanib after TACE vs. placebo after TACE |
502 | Brivanib as adjuvant therapy to TACE did not improve OS [95] |
| Anti-angiogenic therapy | ORIENTAL, NCT01465464 | 2010.12–2014.06 | Orantinib with TACE vs. placebo with TACE |
889 | Orantinib combined with TACE did not improve OS [96] |
| Anti-angiogenic therapy | TACTICS, NCT01217034 | 2010.10–2018.03 | Sorafenib with TACE vs. TACE alone |
228 | Median PFS was significantly longer in the TACE plus sorafenib than in the TACE alone group [98] |
| ICI | NCT01853618 | 2013.03–2017.06 | Tremelimumab with RFA or TACE |
32 | Partial response rate, 26%; OS, 12.3 months [101] |
| ICI | NCT03638141 | 2019.06–2020.11 | Durvalumab in combination with tremelimumab after DEB-TACE | 30 | ORR, not available (ongoing) |
| ICI | NCT03143270 | 2017.04–2022.04 | Nivolumab with DEB-TACE | 14 | Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events (ongoing) |
| ICI | IMMUTACE, NCT03572582 | 2018.06–2023.06 | Nivolumab with TACE | 49 | ORR, not available (ongoing) |
| ICI | PETAL, NCT03397654 | 2018.01–2020.12 | Pembrolizumab after TACE | 26 | Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events (ongoing) |
| ICI | NCT03592706 | 2009.12–2021.08 | Immune killer cells and TACE vs. TACE |
60 | Change of tumor size, PFS, not available (ongoing) |
| ICI and anti-angiogenic therapy | NCT03937830 | 2020.09–2022.12 | Durvalumab, bevacizumab and DEB-TACE |
22 | PFS, not available (ongoing) |
TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; DEB, drug-eluting beads; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; TTP, time-to-progression; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; ORR, objective response rate.