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. 2020 Nov 9;6(5):1283–1307. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.014

Fig. 10.

Fig. 10

Regulation of synergistic stimulation by biophysical and biochemical stimulation cues for cell behaviors. (A) Synergistic stimulation by surface microhardness and biochemical stimulation cues and its effect on cell behaviors: (i) schematic diagram of surface microhardness changed by cross-linking. Reproduced with permission [146]. Copyright 2017, John Wiley and Sons; (ii) increased NIH-3T3 and ATDC-5 cell attachment under synergetic stimulation. Reproduced with permission [147]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. (B) Synergistic stimulation by external strain and biochemical stimulation cues and its effect on cell behaviors: (i) cell-loaded bioscaffolds applied to a dynamic tensile culture system and (ii) enhanced nerve cell proliferation and formation of aligned, spindled, and stretched shapes under synergetic stimulation. Reproduced with permission [148]. Copyright 2020, Chen et al. (C) Synergistic stimulation by ultrasound and biochemical stimulation cues and its effect on cell behaviors: (i) schematic diagram of the synergistic stimulation exposure setup and (ii) enhanced cell proliferation under synergetic stimulation. Reproduced with permission [149]. Copyright 2016, Aliabouzar et al. (D) Synergistic stimulation by electric field and biochemical stimulation cues and its effect on cell behaviors: (i) conductive CNT-incorporated bioscaffolds fabricated by UV-assisted 3D bioprinting and (ii) enhanced neural stem cell proliferation under synergetic stimulation. Reproduced with permission [151]. Copyright 2018, IOP Publishing. (E) Synergistic stimulation by photothermal effect and biochemical stimulation cues and its effect on tissue behaviors: (i) 3D-bioprinted composite bioscaffolds composed of 30CS and ROS and (ii) inhibited tumor tissue formation in vivo under synergetic stimulation. Reproduced with permission [153]. Copyright 2018, Ma et al. ADA, alginate; GEL 7.5%, 7.5% w/v gelatin; mTG, microbial transglutaminase; CNT, carbon nanotube; UV, ultraviolet; 30CS, Fe–CaSiO3; ROS, reactive oxygen species.