AcOH	Acetic acid
CMP	Cytidine mononucleotide
Cs2CO3	Cesium carbonate
DANA	2-Deoxy-2,3-dehydro N-acetylneuraminic acid
DCC	N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
DMF	Dimethylformamide
GC	Gas chromatography
GC-MS	Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
GM3	Monosialodihexosylganglioside
HCl	Hydrochloric acid
HFB	Heptafluorobutyrate
HFBAA	heptafluorobutyric anhydride
HPLC	High-performance liquid chromatography
IL-4	Interleukin 4
kDa	Kilodalton
KDN	3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid or 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid
MeCN	Acetonitrile
MeOH	Methanol
MS	Mass spectrometry
NADH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced
NaOH	Sodium hydroxide
NaOMe	Sodium methoxide
NBS	N-Bromosuccinimide
Neu	5-Amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid or Neuraminic acid
Neu5Ac	N-acetylneuraminic acid
Neu5Ac1,7L	N-acetylneuraminic acid 1,7-lactone
Neu5Gc	N-glycolylneuraminic acid
NMR	Nuclear magnetic resonance
RBC	Red blood cell
Sias	Sialic acids
THF	Tetrahydrofuran
TMG	1,1,3,3–Tetramethylguanidine