40S	small ribosomal subunit
4E-BP1	eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein
60S	large ribosomal subunit
AKT	protein kinase B
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AMPK-DN	transgenic mice specifically overexpressing dominant-negative AMPK α1 subunit in skeletal muscle
BCCA	branched-chain amino acids
CCL	cyclic compressive loading
cGMP	cyclic guanosine monophosphate
c-Myc	c-myelocytomatosis oncogene
CREB	cyclic AMP response element binding protein
CSA	cross-sectional area
DGKζ	zeta isoform of diacylglycerol kinase
Dvl	disheveled protein
EAA	essential amino acids
EDL	extensor digitorum longus
eEF2	eukaryotic elongation factor 2
eEF2K	eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase
EGCg	epigallocatechin-3-gallate
eIF2B	eukaryotic initiation factor 2B
eIF3f	eukaryotic initiation factor 3f
eIF4E	eukaryotic initiation factor 4E
eIF4G	eukaryotic initiation factor 4G
Epac	exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FAK	focal adhesion kinase
FoxO	forkhead box O protein
FRZ	frizzled protein (receptor)
GSK-3β	glycogen synthase kinase-3β
GSK-3β KO	mice lacking muscle GSK-3β
HMB	beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate
HSP70	70 kDa heat shock protein
HU	hindlimb unloading
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor 1
IL-6	interleukin-6
IRS-1	insulin receptor substrate 1
LATS	large tumor suppressor kinase
LC3	microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B
L-NAME	N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
MAFbx	muscle atrophy F-box protein/atrogin-1
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MEK	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
MGF	mechano-dependent growth factor
MRF-4	myogenic regulatory factor 4
MENS	microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation
mTORC1	mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
MuRF1	muscle RING finger protein
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa B
nNOS	neuronal NO synthase
NO	nitric oxide
NMES	neuromuscular electrical stimulation
p70S6K	ribosomal protein S6 kinase p70
p90RSK	ribosomal protein S6 kinase p90
PA	phosphatidic acid
PBS	phosphate-buffered saline
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PKA	protein kinase A
Pol	polymerase
rDNA	ribosomal DNA
REDD1	regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 protein
Rheb	Ras homolog enriched in brain
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RP	ribosomal proteins
rpS6	ribosomal protein S6
rRNA	ribosomal RNA
SAC	stretch-activated ion channels
siRNA	small interfering RNA
SL-1	selective factor 1
TAZ	transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif
TGF	transforming growth factor
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
TRIM	1-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-imidazole
TRPC1	transient receptor potential canonical 1 channel
TRPV1	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1
TSC2	tuberous sclerosis complex 2
TWEAK	TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis
Ub	ubiquitin
UBF	upstream binding factor 1
UBR5	E3 ubiquitin ligase
ULK1	unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase
UPS	ubiquitin–proteasome system
YAP	Yes-associated protein