Table 5.
Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for early-onset dementia (EOAD, early-onset Alzheimer’s dementia; EOFTD, early-onset frontotemporal dementia) according to trauma and leisure activities.
| Factors | Cases (Yes/No) |
Controls (Yes/No) |
OR 1 | OR 2 | (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trauma that need medical evaluation | 23/32 | 22/31 | 1.01 | 0.93 | (0.42–2.07) |
| EOAD | 13/18 | 22/31 | 1.02 | 0.99 | (0.39–2.50) |
| FTD spectrum | 8/9 | 22/31 | 1.25 | 1.17 | (0.37–3.70) |
| Head trauma | 9/46 | 6/47 | 1.53 | 1.54 | (0.47–4.99) |
| EOAD | 3/28 | 6/47 | 0.84 | 0.98 | (0.21–4.51) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 5/12 | 6/47 | 3.26 | 3.43 | (0.80–14.60) |
| Trunk trauma | 0/55 | 2/51 | / | / | / |
| EOAD | 0/31 | 2/51 | / | / | / |
| EOFTD spectrum | 0/17 | 2/51 | / | / | / |
| Upper arm trauma | 10/45 | 8/45 | 1.25 | 1.38 | (0.47–4.03) |
| EOAD | 8/23 | 8/45 | 1.96 | 2.16 | (0.68–6.93) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 2/15 | 8/45 | 0.75 | 0.83 | (0.13–5.15) |
| Lower arm trauma | 13/42 | 13/40 | 0.95 | 0.85 | (0.34–2.13) |
| EOAD | 9/22 | 13/40 | 1.26 | 1.13 | (0.40–3.19) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 3/14 | 13/40 | 0.66 | 0.51 | (0.12–2.20) |
| Electric shock/trauma | 1/57 | 2/52 | 0.46 | 0.18 | (0.01–2.22) |
| EOAD | 0/32 | 2/52 | / | / | / |
| EOFTD spectrum | 0/19 | 2/52 | / | / | / |
| Leisure activities | |||||
| Hunting | 2/56 | 2/52 | 0.93 | 1.03 | (0.13–8.25) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 2/17 | 2/52 | 3.06 | 2.92 | (0.33–25.90) |
| Fishing | 6/52 | 7/47 | 0.77 | 0.65 | (0.18–2.35) |
| EOAD | 1/31 | 7/47 | 0.22 | 0.19 | (0.02–1.82) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 4/15 | 7/47 | 1.79 | 1.20 | (0.25–5.65) |
| Painting | 7/47 | 6/46 | 1.14 | 1.08 | (0.32–3.66) |
| EOAD | 4/26 | 6/46 | 1.18 | 1.28 | (0.30–5.49) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 3/14 | 6/46 | 1.64 | 1.60 | (0.31–8.15) |
| Model-making | 3/55 | 3/51 | 0.93 | 1.11 | (0.19–6.42) |
| EOAD | 1/31 | 3/51 | 0.55 | 0.71 | (0.06–8.02) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 2/17 | 3/51 | 2.00 | 2.21 | (0.28–17.20) |
| Gardening | 22/36 | 26/28 | 0.66 | 0.71 | (0.32–1.57) |
| EOAD | 13/19 | 26/28 | 0.74 | 0.87 | (0.34–2.24) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 6/13 | 26/28 | 0.50 | 0.48 | (0.15–1.55) |
| Using pesticides during gardening | 7/51 | 8/46 | 0.79 | 0.84 | (0.27–2.55) |
| EOAD | 4/28 | 8/46 | 0.82 | 0.84 | (0.23–3.11) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 2/17 | 8/46 | 0.68 | 0.63 | (0.11–3.49) |
| Using herbicides during gardening | 4/54 | 4/50 | 0.93 | 1.31 | (0.28–6.08) |
| EOAD | 2/30 | 4/50 | 0.83 | 1.10 | (0.17–7.07) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 1/18 | 4/50 | 0.69 | 1.13 | (0.10–13.45) |
| Using fungicides during gardening | 6/52 | 4/50 | 1.44 | 1.56 | (0.40–6.10) |
| EOAD | 5/27 | 4/50 | 2.31 | 2.95 | (0.67–13.0) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 1/18 | 4/50 | 0.69 | 0.58 | (0.06–6.12) |
| Developing pictures in darkroom | 1/57 | 1/53 | 0.93 | 1.00 | (0.06–17.79) |
| EOAD | 1/31 | 1/53 | 1.71 | 2.21 | (0.12–14.15) |
| Playing sport | 15/43 | 28/26 | 0.32 | 0.36 | (0.15–0.89) |
| EOAD | 8/24 | 28/26 | 0.31 | 0.37 | (0.13–1.04) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 5/14 | 28/26 | 0.33 | 0.34 | (0.09–1.26) |
| Playing competitive sport | 4/54 | 8/46 | 0.43 | 0.45 | (0.11–1.74) |
| EOAD | 1/31 | 8/46 | 0.19 | 0.19 | (0.02–1.75) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 3/16 | 8/46 | 1.08 | 1.05 | (0.21–5.15) |
| Football | 7/51 | 4/50 | 1.72 | 2.23 | (0.54–9.26) |
| EOAD | 3/29 | 4/50 | 1.29 | 1.78 | (0.32–10.06) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 3/16 | 4/50 | 2.34 | 2.62 | (0.43–15.90) |
| Volleyball | 2/56 | 6/48 | 0.29 | 0.36 | (0.07–1.92) |
| EOAD | 1/31 | 6/48 | 0.26 | 0.31 | (0.03–2.80) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 1/18 | 6/48 | 0.44 | 0.66 | (0.07–6.20) |
| Cycling | 5/53 | 2/52 | 2.45 | 2.28 | (0.39–13.43) |
| EOAD | 1/31 | 2/52 | 0.84 | 0.60 | (0.05–7.56) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 3/16 | 2/52 | 4.87 | 4.37 | (0.62–30.93) |
| Swimming | 2/56 | 12/42 | 0.13 | 0.17 | (0.03–0.84) |
| EOAD | 2/30 | 12/42 | 0.23 | 0.28 | (0.06–1.45) |
| Athletics | 2/56 | 6/48 | 0.29 | 0.29 | (0.05–1.56) |
| EOAD | 1/31 | 6/48 | 0.26 | 0.24 | (0.03–2.13) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 1/18 | 6/48 | 0.44 | 0.49 | (0.05–4.74) |
| Running/trekking | 1/57 | 4/50 | 0.22 | 0.34 | (0.03–3.25) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 1/18 | 4/50 | 0.69 | 1.13 | (0.11–12.09) |
| Use of dietary supplements containing selenium in the past 20 years | 14/44 | 8/46 | 1.83 | 2.50 | (0.89–7.02) |
| EOAD | 6/26 | 8/46 | 1.33 | 2.01 | (0.57–7.10) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 7/12 | 8/46 | 3.35 | 7.40 | (1.65–33.19) |
| Excluding specific neuroprotective supplements after onset of disease | 11/47 | 8/46 | 1.35 | 1.73 | (0.60–4.99) |
| EOAD | 3/29 | 8/46 | 0.59 | 0.78 | (0.18–3.41) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 8/11 | 8/46 | 4.18 | 8.73 | (2.01–38.00) |
| Use of selenized potatoes | 7/51 | 11/43 | 0.54 | 0.55 | (0.19–1.62) |
| EOAD | 3/29 | 11/43 | 0.40 | 0.40 | (0.10–1.63) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 3/16 | 11/43 | 0.73 | 0.70 | (0.16–3.05) |
| Ever smoking | 35/23 | 30/24 | 1.22 | 1.28 | (0.58–2.86) |
| EOAD | 19/13 | 30/24 | 1.17 | 1.35 | (0.51–3.55) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 12/7 | 30/24 | 1.37 | 1.31 | (0.42–4.09) |
| Current smoking | 10/48 | 10/44 | 0.92 | 1.01 | (0.37–2.79) |
| EOAD | 5/27 | 10/44 | 0.81 | 0.87 | (0.25–2.99) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 3/16 | 10/44 | 0.83 | 1.09 | (0.24–4.89) |
| Passive smoking exposure | 15/43 | 12/42 | 1.22 | 1.17 | (0.47–2.88) |
| EOAD | 9/23 | 12/42 | 1.37 | 1.24 | (0.44–3.46) |
| EOFTD spectrum | 5/14 | 12/42 | 1.25 | 1.22 | (0.33–4.50) |
1 Crude model; 2 Adjusted model for sex, age and educational attainment.